Actinobacteria

Janssen PH, PS Yates, BE Grinton, PM Taylor, M Sait (2002) Improved cultivability of soil bacteria and isolation in pure culture of novel members of the divisions Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobac-teria, and Verrucomicrobia. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 2391-2396. 

Steger K, Sjogren AM, Jarvis A, Jansson JK, Sndh I (2007) Development of compost maturity and Actinobacteria populations during full-scale composting of organic household waste. J Appl... 

Streger K, Jarvis A, Vasara T, Romantschuk M, Sundh I (2007) Effects of differing temperature management on development of Actinobacteria during composting. Res Microbiol 158 617-624 The Composting Council of Canada the composting process - compost maturity. http //www. 

Actinobacteria -Aquificales — Cya nobacts r a —/ Cytophagales - / Spirochaetales —/ Chlamydiales — Thermotogales — CFB/G een suifu — Green nonsulfur— rhermus/Deinococcus—... 

Cultivated marine bacteria are scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree of the domain Bacteria. However, at lower phylogenetic levels, clusters of marine bacteria have been found which are distinct from those of terrestrial origin. One example is the so-called a3-subgroup of the a-Proteobacteria subclass of the division Proteobacteria, the Roseobacter clade [20]. A marine group of Actinobacteria [21] has been described, which has, to date, however not been cultivated. 

Actinobacteria Amino acid, Anti-inflammation, Schneemann et al. 

Schneemann, I., Nagel, K., Kajahn, I., Labes, A., Wiese, J., and Imhof, J. F. (2010). Comprehensive investigation of marine actinobacteria associated with the sponge Halichondria panacea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 3702-3714. 

Montalvo NF, Mohamed NM, Enticknap JJ, Hill RT (2005) Novel Actinobacteria from Marine Sponges. Ant Leeuwenhoek 87 29... 

Maldonado LA, Stach JEM, Pathom-aree W, Ward AC, Bull AT, Goodfellow M (2005) Diversity of Cultivable Actinobacteria in Geographically Widespread Marine Sediments. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 87 11... 

Not surprisingly, the cutaneous microbiome has been studied for its potential role in dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne. Psoriasis, a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease of the skin (170), has been associated with an overrepresentation of Firmicutes and underrepresentation of Actinobacteria when compared to both the unaffected skin of psoriatic patients and the skin of normal controls (171). Additionally, Pro-teobacteria were detected less frequently in psoriatic lesions compared to skin of healthy controls (171). Subsequent studies using pyrosequencing techniques confirmed that Actinobacteria were more abundant in controls compared to patients with psoriasis however, Proteobacteria were significantly higher in trunk skin samples from psoriatic patients compared to controls (172). 

Also ( Rj-fl- Lys 4 is found to be a substructure of several antibiotics. Examples are the hydrazinodipeptide negamycin 26 from Streptomyces purpeofuscus, bellenamine 28 from Streptomyces nashvillensis (Actinobacteria), and sperabillins A-D 25 from Pseudomonas Jluorescens (Proteobacteria). 

As the legend to Fig. 8.1 indicates, the neomuran theory simply explains the observed pattern of gene similarity between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The theory was recently seriously misrepresented by a claim that it predicts that eukaryote nuclear genes should bear greatest overall similarity to their homologues from actinobacteria (Esser et al. 2004). I have never made that prediction and fail to understand how anyone could deduce it from my theory. I refute it later in this chapter after first discussing the more important issue of how the a-proteobacterium was actually enslaved to make the mitochondrion. 

It is most likely that the protoeukaryote host and enslaved purple symbiont were both facultative aerobes, able to live under anaerobic or aerobic conditions (Cavalier-Smith 2002b) this makes their coming together easy to understand and fits all we know of the diversity of mitochondrial/hydrogeno-somal properties as well as of the rest of the eukaryotic cell, especially in the basal kingdom Protozoa. Given that most actinobacteria are aerobes, it is... 

Normal isotopic values for soil organic matter (—25%o to —27%o 6 Corg) have been reported from Precambrian paleosols as well (Mossman and Farrow, 1992 Retallack and Mindszenty, 1994). Virtually all Precambrian paleosols have a very low content of organic carbon comparable with to that of well-drained paleosols of the Phanerozoic. If life had been present in the Early Precambrian paleosols, they would have become carbonaceous in the absence of a decomposing microbiota of actinobacteria and of fungi and... 

Archean cyanobacteria " Archean actinobacteria l chean actinolichens ... 

Gremion, F., Chatzinotas, A., and Harms, H. (2003). Comparative 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicates that Actinobacteria might be a dominant part of the metabolically active bacteria in heavy metal-contaminated bulk and rhizosphere soil. Environ. Microbiol. 5, 896-907. 

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