Acrylic acid Effectiveness factor

Another peculiar feature of the grafting of acrylic acid is the break observed in the conversion curves particularly at low dose rates. The interpretation of this effect proposed above does not account for the fact that no break is observed with other monomers except at much higher grafting ratios (2, 4). These striking differences in kinetics for systems which in principle should exhibit comparable behavior are presumably related to differences in diffusion rates and polymer-polymer and polymer-monomer compatibilities. Little is known at present on the factors which govern these effects and on their influence on the kinetics. 

Again the charge on the macroion is still negative but significantly reduced. This should lead to an overall rate enhancement As shown above, steric repulsion (type iii) favors acrylic acid. Type (i) and (ii) electrostatic repulsions also favor acrylic acid over AMPS, since only the acrylic acid is uncharged at this pH The additive effect of all three factors results in even higher preference for acrylic acid (R1 = 0 111). 

The following data demonstrate the use of both maleated and acrylic acid grafted polypropylene as chemical coupling agents in filled and reinforced polypropylene. Various factors such as the effect of molecular weight, functionalization level, and functionalization type are examined. 

It will have been noted already that the degree of hydrolysis of poly-(acrylates) and poly(methacrylates) frequently does not appear to be complete. In part this may be due to difficulties with the anlytical procedures and with other factors. In part, however, this may also be the result of hydration of the product. In fact, isotactic poly(acrylic acid) may crystallize as a hydrate containing as much as one molecule of water associated with two monomer units [19]. Procedure 2-4, for the preparation of isotactic poly(acrylic acid), is said to be the most effective method of twelve different procedures studied [19]. 

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