Across-fiber patterns

Boeckh (1980) and Dethier and Crnjar (1982) have discussed currently proposed and identified sensory coding mechanisms. Three basic types of systems have been distinguished (i) labelled lines (ii) temporal patterns, and (iii) across fiber patterns. Possibly combinations of these coding systems may exist as well. 

An important function of across-fiber patterns in lepidopteran larvae is the coding of quality Dethier and Crnjar (1982). Quality does not represent... 

In the case of host and food volatiles another mechanism (across-fiber pattern) is suggested (Boeckh, 1980). Here, the key information about the quality of a single host volatile is apparently transmitted to the CNS via over-lapping lines. However, it is also possible that information about certain host volatiles (as about pheromones) may be mediated via specialized cells and the labeled line mechanism. In addition to these two mechanisms, temporal response pattern may also modify the coding process (Boeckh, 1980). 

One method to realize the taste sensor may be the utilization of similar materials to biological systems as the transducer. The biological membrane is composed of proteins and lipids. Proteins are main receptors of taste substances. Especially for sour, salty, or bitter substances, the lipid-membrane part is also suggested to be the receptor site [6]. In biological taste reception, taste stimulus changes the receptor potentials of taste cells, which have various characteristics in reception [7,8]. Then the pattern constructed of receptor potentials is translated into the excitation pattern in taste neurons (across-fiber-pattem theory). 

At first glance, labeled-line coding of olfactory signals may seem in contrast to the ensemble or across-fiber code (Shepherd, 1985) where complex mixtures of odorants or even individual odorant components are perceived as patterns of activity across an ensemble of neurons and AL glomeruli. However, recent experiments examining odor coding of individual ORNs in Drosophila and mammalian olfactory systems demonstrate that individual ORNs are capable of a wide spectrum of responses. In the fly, a particular odor can excite one neuron while inhibiting another, and a particular neuron can be excited by one odor and... 

F [iire 6.31 The residual stress pattern across the transverse section of a boron fiber (after Vega-Boggio and Vingsbo,... 

The AChE-banding pattern in the molecular layer of the anterior vermis and the white matter compartments of the anterior lobe continue, across the primary fissure, into the posterior lobe. A wide A compartment, flanked by diverging X and B compartments is present in the vermis of the simple lobule (Figs 119 and 120). The B compartment ends at the area without cortex in the center of the ansiform lobule, where it abuts on the pontocerebellar fibers of the cerebellar commissure that reach the surface at this point. It is not clear whether the X compartment continues from the simple lobule into lobule... 

The d structure produced by the thermal contraction of intact epidermis, or of isolated epidermin, is unusual and to be distinguished from the normal parallel d form produced by stretching, where the main chains lie parallel to the axis of stretching. If thermally contracted material is stretched 80-100% and dried, the d pattern is oriented so as to show that the main chains lie for the most part across the axis of the fiber i.e. at right angles to the direction of stretching. The diffraction pattern is here referred to as cross d (49). 

Gate location and fill patterns should be planned so that weld lines will be eliminated or located in areas of minimal stress whenever possible. There is typically no fiber reinforcement across weld fines, so under the best conditions weld fine strength is hmited to the no more than the strength of unreinforced PPS polymer, about 85 MPa (12.3 kpsi) tensile strength. If weld lines must bear stress, the part design must compensate for the... 

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