Acids molarities

If Sg is oxidized by an excess of triduoroperoxoacetic acid (molar ratio 1 2.4) at 0 °C a novel oxide is formed which is much less stable than SgO and therefore has not been characterized yet. This oxide, probably Se02, decomposes in CH2CI2 solution at 5 °C within 48 h to SO2, polymeric sulfur and Sio which can be prepared in this way from Sg [62] see Eqs. (27) and (28) ... 

Oxidation of Ss in dichloromethane at -20 °C by an excess of trifluoroperox-oacetic acid (molar ratio 1 5) yields S7O2 besides SO2 [67] ... 

The relevance of Pt-OH formation to the change in the Tafel slope has been demonstrated by varying the content of water in the electrolyte [Murthi et al., 2004]. The experiments were performed in H20/trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) mixtures with several water/acid molar ratios. Whereas at high water contents the usual change in the Tafel slope from —112 to —59 mV/dec observed in aqueous solutions of H2SO4 and HCIO4 took place, at low water contents no change in the Tafel slope was observed. This corroborates the involvement of water in the formation... 

This linear plot works very well, giving p/STbh+ values as intercepts (and slopes < e) thus only one acidity function (Ho) is needed for the purpose of estimating weak basicities. In the Bunnett-Olsen method Ch+ is simply the acid molarity. The terms m from the Yates-McClelland method and (1 — e) from the Bunnett-Olsen method are, for all practical purposes, equivalent m = 1, e = 0 for primary nitroanilines m = 0.6, e = 0.4 for amides and so on. 

The Xq scale for HCIO4 that can be obtained from Table 2 is derived using H0 indicators only (primary aromatic amines), rather than the broad mix of indicators of different type used in deriving X. Values of X calculated from these polynomial coefficients are given for H2SO4 in Tables 3 and 4, for HCIO4 in Tables 5 and 6 (with V0), and for HC1 in Tables 7 and 8, as a function of wt% acid (odd-numbered tables) and of the acid molarity (even-numbered tables). 

Other information is provided in Tables 3-8. This includes values of log Ch -for use with equation 17 for HCIO4 and HC1 these are simply the log acid molarity, assuming the acid to be fully dissociated. The maximum acid strength is 80 wt% for HCIO4, at which point the acid mixtures become solid at 25°C, and 40% for HC1, at which point the aqueous solution is saturated with the... 

Table 4 Values of X, and of log Ch+, loga o, logCnso and logaHiSO in molarity units, for aqueous sulfuric acid at 25°C, at different values of the acid molarity.

Fig-2 Plots of X as a function of the acid molarity for aqueous H2SO4, HC104 and HC1 media at 25°C, with log Ch+ values for HC1 and HCIO4. 

Palmitic acid Molar mass C3H5(Ci5H3iC02)3 = 807.34 g mol"1 Iodine number = 0 (saturated)... 

Stearic acid Molar mass C3H5(Ci7H35C02)3 = 891.49 g mol-1... 

Oleic acid Molar mass 03 (0 33002)3 = 885.45 g mol 1 Iodine number for oleic acid mass oft... 

Linoleic acid Molar mass C3Hs(Ci7H3iC02)3 = 879.402 g mol"1... 

Linolenic acid Molar mass C3H5(CnH29C02)3 = 873.348 g mol"1 Iodine number for linolenic acid mass of I2... 

Fig. 19 TEM image of toroidal micelles from a PAA-PMA-PS triblock copolymer (A). This sample was cast from a solution with 0.1 wt% PAA99-PMA73-PS66 triblock copolymer, a THF water volume ratio of 1 2, and an amine acid molar ratio of 0.5 1 by addition of 2,2-(ethylenedioxy)diethylamine. The cast film was negatively stained with uranyl acetate. A schematical representation of theses micelles is also shown (B). Reprinted with permission from [279], Copyright (2004) American Association for the Advancement of Science...

Source Intake level of phytic acid Molar ratio (phytic acid to zinc)... 

Continuing discoveries of electrolyte chemistries that need to be carefully controlled—for example, the need to track HN03 as well as total acid molarity in the catholyte to avoid silver deposition. 

Electrolyte chemistries continue to be discovered and need to be carefully controlled, e.g., there is a need to track nitric acid molarity as well as total acid molarity in the catholyte to avoid silver deposition, and the deposition of lead dioxide on cell electrodes and in electrode cavities, which has required the development of a formic acid wash. 

Effect of 6- Caprolactone and Adipic Acid Molar Ratio for Copolyester III on the Hydrolysis by R. delemar Lipase. The hydrolysis of various copolymers by R. delemar lipase was exam ed to see whether there was an optimum chemical structure or not. Mn of those copolyesters was selected from 17 0 to 2220, to diminish the effect of molecular weight. Optimum molar ratio of e- caprolactone and adipic acid was about from 90 10 to 70 30 (Figure 5). The Tm at the optimum molar ratio was the lowest of all. So it seemed that the existence of optimum molar ratio came from the lowest Tm, which would show the most amorphous material, rather than the optimum chemical structure. 

Figure 5. Effect of -caprolactone and adipic acid molar ratio for copolymers made from 1,6-hexamethylenediol and a mixture of -caprolactone and adipic acid on the hydrolysis by R. delemar lipase. Four orders numbers in this figure showed Mn of each polyester. B and C in this figure showed the particle size of each polyester as same as Table I.

Experiments were made at 1°C and 30°C using various molar ratios of acetic acid/hexamine and varying the nitric acid/hexamine ratio between 26 1 and 81 1. Acetic acid was found to reduce the reaction rate and the yield of cyclonite (Fig. 18). However even with the most dilute solution of hexamine in acetic acid (molar ratio 10.5 1) the final yield of cyclonite approached a maximum of 80% at a molar ratio of nitric acid to hexamine of 48 1. In the absence of acetic acid this yield was obtained when the molar ratio was only 26 1. It appears that some of the nitric acid was used up in reacting with acetic acid and was therefore unavailable for nitrolysis. 

Reaction conditions anisole/acid molar ratio = 40, 0.3 g of catalyst, 150°C. Selectivity of the para isomer at 50% conversion. 

Triflic acid has been used in the selective esterification ( (9-acylation) of a series of aminoalcohols in the presence of a crown ether (DB24C8) to prepare rotaxanes.900 The test reaction of diethanolamine with bulky anhydride, crown ether, and triflic acid (molar ratio = 1 2 2 1.5) gave the rotaxane 276 in high yield in a clean reaction [Eq. (5.327)]. /V-Arylmethylaminoalcohols were similarly transformed (85-92% yields). 

Table 5.2 lists the amino acid molar ratios determined for LHCP from several plant sources, and compares these results with the mean values obtained for the main glycopeptide subfraction (peak I in Table 5.1) from microbubble surfactant. It can be seen from Table 5.2 that the amino acid composition of LHCP clearly resembles that of the main glycopeptide subfraction. Specifically, in both cases nonpolar residues represent a majority and near constant fraction (i.e., 59-62%) of the amino acid composition, with the relative amounts of such residues in practically all individual cases listed following the pattern glycine > leucine, alanine, valine, proline > isoleucine, phenylalanine > methionine, tryptophan (Table 5.2). Accordingly, the glycopeptide fraction of microbubble surfactant may represent a degradation product of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein, which is well known (ref. 373-375) to be extremely widely distributed in terrestrial, freshwater, and salt-water environments (cf. ref. 379).

Molar yield of pantoyl lactone (%) Molar yield of pantoic acid (%) Molar yield of ethyl pantothenate (%)... 

The influence of alcohol chain length was studied by using substrate containing caprylic acid and the required alcohol (C4 to C6 and C8) at a fixed molar ratio (1.5) and 50 mg/mL of POS-PVA lipase. The results of acid molar conversion after 24 h are displayed in Fig. 4. The carbon chain significantly influenced esterification performance. As the length of the alcohol carbonic chain increased, lower molar conversion was detected. The highest value (70%) was attained for butanol and the lowest (40%) for octanol. 

Betaine aspartate was prepared from betaine and L-aspartic acid (molar ratio 1 1) in aqueous solution at pH 5.7-5.0. 

A solution of free base of the last compound and p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (molar ratio 1 1) were reacted together in boiling acetone. After 30 min the solution was cooled and ethyl acetate added to precipitate a colourless solid of N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-phenoxyethyl)-N-(2-thenyl)ammonium 4-chlorbenzolsulfonate. 

LH] 0.63 M Linoleic acid molarity in the micelle, assuming the reagent associates entirely with the lipid phase (24) ... 

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