Acids, fluoro

IR spectra, 2,469 protonation, 2, 465 zinc transport, 6, 672 Citric acid, fluoro-absolute configuration, 2, 478 Citric add, hydroxy-crystal structure, 2, 478 Clathrates amines, 2,25... 

Ethanoic Acid Fluoro- 4-(2-methyl-propyl)-plienyl]- ElOb, 8 [En-l.l-(OSi)2 -> CF-COOH]... 

The compound D resulting from catalytic hydrogenation of trans-a-fluorostilbene is bibenzyl [5], and compounds E and F resulting from hydrogenation of difluoromaleic acid are fluorosuccinic acid and succinic acid, respectively [77]. Naturally similar hydrogenolyses of vinylic fluorine take place in the hydrogenation of difluorofumaric acid, fluoro-maleic and fluorofumaric acid, and many other unsaturated fluorides [77,72,73],... 

The converse of lack of Bronsted acid activity towards the three highly acidic fluoro-acids is that there is a vast range of compounds which act as Bronsted bases — i.e. they are protonated by the superacids. As indicated in the Introduction, carboxylic and many other oxo-acids are protonated and/or solvolysed. Compounds having coordinately unsaturated O, S, N or P atoms, e.g. alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, amines, amides, etc, are Bronsted bases in the superacids. H20 is a case requiring special emphasis because it is a likely impurity in the solvent, especially for HF and CF3SO3H. Protonation of H20 causes enhancement of the concentration of the conjugate base of the solvent, so that H() values for the neat acid can be much less than that for the pure solvent. 

Since this review was written a wealth of kinetic data on THF poly-menzations initiated by esters of trifluoromethyl sulphonic acid, fluoro-sulphonic acid and other super acids has appeared [164—168]. It has correctly been pointed out [167, 169] that secondary oxonium ions should not be observable separately under the experimental conditions of Pruckmayr and Wu [96] and that some of their NMR assignments are wrong. Instead, it has been verified that the observed spectrum corresponds to a very solvent sensitive equilibrium between a macro-ester and a macro-ion as proposed earlier by Smith and Hubin [98], viz. 

The Mitsunobu procedure was reported to be efficient in the case of fluoroalkyl alcohols [42], Unlike nonfluorinated alcohols, the acidic fluoro-alcohols [43] are efficiently deprotonated by the PPh3-DEAD adduct. This facilitates the displacement of the oxyphosphonium leaving group by an alkoxide. With the use of this reaction, a range of ethers 9 were prepared from fluoro-alcohols in good (from primary alcohols) to moderate yields (secondary alcohols) with high P-stereoselectivity (see Scheme 6.3 and Table 6.1). 

Dillon, K. B. et at., J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1979, 883-885 The trichloride is initially insoluble in 100% sulfuric acid, fluoro sulfuric acid or 25% olemn, but dissolves very exothermally after delays of 8, 1 and 0.5 h, respectively. Reaction with 65% oleum is immediately violent. 

A range of simple analogs of benzoic acid and phenylalanine, easily obtainable from standard chemical suppliers, were chosen as substrates. These included a large number of hydroxy- and dihydroxybenzoic acids, aminoben-zoic acids, nitrobenzoic acids, fluoro-, difluoro-, trifluoro-, tetrafluoro- and pentafluorobenzoic acids, chlorobenzoic acids, iodobenzoic acids, and methoxybenzoic acids. A number of structures other than those with a six-mem-bered aromatic ring were also tried, including pyridinecarboxaldehydes, alicy-clic carboxylic acids, naphthalenecarboxylic acids, furancarboxylic acids, thiophenecarboxylic acids, nitro-, bromo-, and chlorothiophenecarboxyhc acids. 

P058. . Acetic acid, fluoro-, sodium salt P037... 

Boric acid, fluoro-, 101 Boromycin, 96 Boron, 81-101 as ligand, 99 Boron complexes anionic, 90-97 antibiotics, 101 applications, 101 cationic, 97 chelates, 89... 

Cyclopentenoid Fatty Acids Fluoro Fatty Acids Other Unusual Lipids Metabolically Altered Fatty Acids The Green Leaf Volatile Complex Functions of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives in Plants Jasmonic Acid and Related Compounds The Requirement for Unsaturated Fatty Acids in the Diet of Animals... 

Benzoic acid, fluoro subs, 335 Benzoic acid, hydroxy subs, 206 Benzoic acid, nitro subs, 83 Benzoin, 464... 

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