Acid halides properties

Poor choice of FR additives can lead to excessive loss of PBT molecular weight upon processing, hence leading to impaired mechanical properties (usually seen as part melt-viscosity (MV) drop and, if severe, part breakage). In some cases, generation of acidic halide species can cause mold or electrical contact corrosion. 

Two further properties which must be intimately related with the problems of the tetrahedral intermediate are the solvent isotope effect and the entropy of activation for the hydrolysis of RCOX. Table 2 lists the values of entropies of activation for the neutral hydrolyses of esters, anhydrides, and acid chlorides. Values of —30 to — 40 eu are common to the hydrolyses of esters and anhydrides, but for acid halides the value is down to---10 eu. The only slight... 

Liquid hydrogen halides do not suffer from these disadvantages and have therefore been employed by us in preference to sulphuric acid in systematic studies of hydrogen isotope exchange reactions. Parallel investigations with solvents differing in their acid-base properties facilitate the elucidation of the effect of the medium on the reactivity... 

The acid function of the catalyst is supplied by the support. Among the supports mentioned in the literature are silica-alumina, silica-zirconia, silica-magnesia, alumina-boria, silica-titania, acid-treated clays, acidic metal phosphates, alumina, and other such solid acids. The acidic properties of these amorphous catalysts can be further activated by the addition of small proportions of acidic halides such as HF, BF3, SiFit, and the like (3.). Zeolites such as the faujasites and mordenites are also important supports for hydrocracking catalysts (2). 

Chemistry and general properties. Sodium isethionate is 2-hydroxyethane sulphonate, sodium salt and will form an ester with a fatty acid halide, normally an acyl chloride (Figure 4.26). 

Amino-, Alkoxy-, Alkyl, and Aryl Derivatives.— Recent developments in the synthesis and properties of phosph(ra)azenes, all of which are P-amino-derivatives, have been reviewed, unfortunately in a journal which is difficult to obtain. Interest in the phosph(iii)azenes has centred around their reactions with various acid halides, as summarized in Scheme 3. Invariably, the product is a ring compound, ranging from... 

The described levelling of the acidic properties in molten nitrates makes them unavailable for the determination of the constants of Lux acid-base equilibria where the strongest acids take part. The melts based on molten alkali metal halides are the most convenient solvents for this purpose. Since the most essential physico-chemical properties of ionic melts (density, charges and ionic radii) are close,1 application of the data obtained in molten chlorides for the description of acid-base equilibria in molten nitrates is more correct than is the use of a similar approach to room-temperature molecular solvents, since the properties determining their acid-base properties are numerous (e.g. dielectric constants, donor-acceptor properties). 

The properties of the two propyl alcohols lead to the conclusion that their structures should be represented by these formulas. Both compounds react with sodium, acids, halides of phosphorus, acyl chlorides, and acid anhydrides in the way which is characteristic of alcohols. A study of the products formed as the result of the oxidation of the two alcohols serves to determine the structure that should be assigned to each. The propyl alcohol which boils at 97.4° is converted by oxidizing agents into an aldehyde and an acid. It resembles ethyl alcohol in this respect. The isomeric alcohol boils at 82.1° and does not yield an aldehyde on oxidation. Acetone, a substance which belongs to the class of compounds known as ketones, is first... 

Many esters are soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. This property serves to distinguish them from hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, and many other compounds. 

AMPHOTERIC PROPERTIES OF ALKYL HALIDES AND ACID HALIDES. I. REACTION WITH TIN TETRACHLORIDE AND TIN TETRABROMIDE. 

THE AMPHOTERIC PROPERTIES OF ALKYL HALIDES AND ACID HALIDES. II. INTERACTION WITH NITRILES. //ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF ZH. OBSHCH. KHIM. 39 /3/ 493-7,... 

Classification Aromatic acid halide Empirical C7H4CINO3 Formula NO2C6H4COCI Properties Yel. cryst. solid pungent odor sol. in ether, toluene dec. in water, alcohol m.w. 185.57 m.p. 72 C b.p. 154 C... 

Classification Nonaromatic acid halide Empirical C18H33CIO Formula CH3(CH2)7CH CH(CH2)7COCI Properties Liq. sol. in hydrocarbons, ethers reacts slowly with water m.w. 300.92 dens. 

Classification Nonaromatic acid halide Empirical C16H31CIO Formula CH3(CH2)i4COCI Properties Colorless liq. sol. in ether dec. in water or alcohol m.w. 274.88 dens. 0.906 m.p. 11-12 b.p. 194.5 C (17 mm) ref. index 1.4520 Toxicology Corrosive lachrymator TSCA listed Storage Moisture-sensitive Uses Intermediate for synthesis of medicines, org. peroxide, etc. 

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