Acid density

In a copper or iron kettle of 4-I. capacity is placed a solution of 200 g. of d-tartaric acid and 700 g. of sodium hydroxide in 1400 cc. of water. A 12-I. flask through which cold water is run is placed in the mouth of the kettle in order to prevent loss of water vapor, and the mixture is boiled gently over an open flame for four hours. The solution is now transferred to a 12-I. flask or crock and partially neutralized with 1400 cc. of commercial hydrochloric acid (density 1.19). To the still alkaline solution is now added just enough sodium sulfide to precipitate all the iron or copper which has been dissolved from the kettle (Note i). The filtered solution is then just acidified with hydrochloric acid, boiled to expel all hydrogen sulfide, and made very faintly alkaline to phenolphthalein with sodium hydroxide solution. To the hot solution is then added a concentrated solution of 300 g. of anhydrous calcium chloride which causes an immediate precipitation of calcium tff-tartrate and mesotartrate. 

Nitroaniline (13.8 g., 0.10 mole) (Note 2) is dissolved in a hot solution of 75 ml. of 96% sulfuric acid, 100 ml. of phosphoric acid (density 1.7), and 50 ml. of water in a 1-1. beaker. A stirrer and a thermometer are introduced into the mixture, and the beaker is immersed in an ice bath. A solution of 8.3 g. (0.12 mole) of sodium nitrite in 25 ml. of water is added dropwise to the well-stirred solution at such a rate that the temperature is maintained at 10-15°. Excess nitrite is destroyed by adding sulfamic acid in small portions (Note 3). The mixture is cooled to —10° in an ice-salt bath, and about 50 ml. of liquid sulfur dioxide... 

Figure 2. Reactions that occur in lead-acid batteries versus electrode potential (thermodynamic situation). Their equilibrium potentials are inserted as boxed numbers. Equilibrium potentials of the charge-discharge reactions (Pb/PbS04 and PhS04/Pb02) are represented by hatched columns, to indicate their dependence on acid concentration. The inserted equilibrium potentials (-0.32 and +l. 75 V) of the charge discharge reactions correspond to an acid density of 1.23 gem 3.

Number of bilayers Reacted H2S (theory) Reacted H2S (exptl.) Fatty acid density (theory) Fatty acid density (exptl.) Residual film (theory) Residual film (exptl.)... 

Stimulus-response experiments were used to evaluate the operation of a 1.465L laboratory stirred-tank reactor as a CSTR. The response curves were obtained (a) by using acetic acid (A, ca = 0.85 mol L-1) as a tracer chasing water in step-change experiments, and (b) by using a small pulse of glacial acetic acid (density = 1.05 g cm-3, M = 60 g mol-1) on a... 

Calculate the volume of a 36.45% solution of hydrochloric acid (density = 1.50 g/mL) required to prepare 9.0 liters of a 5.0-molar solution. 

An optimum isomerization activity versus Si/Al2 ratio was reported for mordenite [5,13,16,17]. At too high an acid density, the acid strength decreases and olefin oligomerization reaction is favored. On the other side, too few acid sites impair activity. Reported optimum Si/Al2 ratios are around 20, which is close to the value... 

The anhydrous salt occurs as a colorless crystal while the dihydrate is a white crystaUine sohd faint odor of acetic acid density 2.34 g/cm (ddiydrate... 

The tetrahydrate is a green crystalline solid sweet taste odor of acetic acid density 1.744 g/cm loses water on heating to form a yellow-green powder of anhydrous nickel acetate decomposes above 250 C soluble in water, 17g/100mL at 20 C sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

White crystals shghtly hygroscopic faint odor of formic acid density 1.92 g/cm melts at 253°C decomposes on further heating, first forming sodium oxalate and hydrogen and then sodium carbonate very soluble in water the aqueous solution neutral, pH about 7 soluble in glycerol slightly soluble in alcohol insoluble in ether. 

Fig. 2 AFM images of lead surface in sulfuric acid (density 1.25 g cm ) after holding (a) for 2 min at reducing potential —1050 mV, (b) for 6 min at oxidizing potential —1035 mV versus Hg/Hg2S04 [145].

Effect of the Dealumination of H-Mordenite - The catalytic activities of the isopropylation of naphthalene are not proportional to the acid density and are not enhanced by the dealumination, as is the case of the isopropylation of biphenyl.18,21 22 Figure 9 shows the yields of products and the distributions of... 

According to Gnehm [86] methylene blue, when subjected to the action of nitric acid (density 1.33, i.e. 52%) in presence of acetic acid diluted to 50%, yields dinitrodimethylthionine nitrate of suggested structure (I). 

Jacquet, Medard and Sartorius [63, 64] investigated the process of mixing 62.7% perchloric acid (density 1.59) with 100% acetic anhydride. They found that no explosion occurred when vigorous mixing was applied. This was independent of the order of mixing but addition of the acid to the anhydride was suggested to be the less dangerous procedure. 

According to Sakurada [78] bleached cellulose is nitrated in a shorter time than an unbleached one since diffusion through the bleached tissue is quicker. Nitration was carried out at 0°C by means of a 1 2 mixture of nitric acid, density 1.52 g/cm3 and sulphuric acid, density 1.84 g/cm3. The results are shown in Table 87. 

The diselenodicarboxylic acids are oxidised by nitric acid (density 1 4) at 40° to 45° C. to selenino-fatty acids ... 

Dibenzyl selenide gives an iodide when allowed to react with iodine in chloroform solution. Dinitrates are formed when nitric acid (density 1 4) acts upon diaryl selenides or upon their dibromides. The dihalides have their halogen removed by moist silver oxide, the hydroxides resulting. When sodium hydroxide is used they are transformed to the oxides, R2SeO, which also result when diaryl selenides are oxidised by 46 perhydrol. ... 

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