Acids vapor density

The vapor density of acetic acid suggests a molecular weight much higher than the formula weight, 60.06. Indeed, the acid normally exists as a dimer (4), both in the vapor phase (5) and in solution (6). This vapor density anomaly has important consequences in engineering computations, particularly in distillations. 

Colorless volatile liquid diamagnetic flammable burns with a bright luminous flame density 1.319 g/mL freezes at -25°C boils at 43°C vapor pressure 320.6 torr at 20°C vapor density 5.89 (air=l) critical temperature about 200°C critical pressure 30 atm practically insoluble in water, 180 mg/L at 10°C miscible with most organic solvents including ethanol, acetone, and benzene soluble in nitric acid and aqua regia. 

Colorless gas pungent suffocating odor gas density 2.927 g/L at 20°C heavier than air, vapor density 2.263 (air=l) condenses to a colorless liquid at -10°C density of liquid SO2 1.434 g/mL freezes at -72.7°C critical temperature 157.65°C critical pressure 77.78 atm critical volume 122 cc/g dielectric constant 17.27 at -16.5°C dissolves in water forming sulfurous acid, solubility 22.97 g and 11.58 g/lOOmL water at 0° and 20°C, respectively, under atmospheric pressure very soluble in acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetic acid, and alcohol soluble in sulfuric acid liquid SO2 slightly miscible in water. 

Colorless, mobde hquid turns yellow on standing very pungent odor refractive index 1.4437 at 20°C density 1.667 g/mL at 20°C vapors heavier than air, vapor density 4.7 (air=l) melts at -51°C bods at 69.4°C sparingly soluble in water, decomposing slowly to sulfuric and hydrochloric acids forms a hydrate S02C12 I5H2O with ice-cold water miscible with benzene, toluene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and glacial acetic acid decomposed by alkalies (violent reaction occurs)... 

He proved that the acidity of the gastric juice is due to hydrochloric acid showed that the molecular weight of any substance is equal to twice its vapor density referred to hydrogen and put forth the hypothesis that the atomic weights of all of the elements, referred to hydrogen as unity, are integers. See ref. (54),... 

Association The association in the vapor phase of organic adds seems to vary inversely as the temperature for some acids, at least for part of the range. In part of the range, and also apparently for some adds over the whole range, the association is fairly constant. The association is given in these sheets oy the formula Mx = p — rt. For instance, for acetic acid this formula would be Mx = 2.225 - 0.004085 t from 0° C. to 100° C. From 100° C. to a Tr of 0.92, Mx = 1.85. That is to say, the vapor density as calculated by the A, B formula would have to be multiplied by this correction factor to take care of the association. Further, if the reciprocal of the density is used as calculated to give volume, it would be necessary to divide by 1.85 to get the actual vapor volume. 

Synonyms isocyanic acid methyl ester, isocyanatomethane, MIC Formula CH3NCO MW 57.05 CAS [624-83-9] used in the manufacture of carbamate pesticides colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor boils at 39°C freezes at -80°C vapor pressure 400 torr at 20°C density 0.96 g/mL at 20°C vapor density 1.97 (air= 1) decomposes in water soluble in most organic solvents highly toxic and flammable. 

Cleavage of B3H7 -0(CH3)2 by PF3 occurs slowly at —16° 125,126) The major product, B2H4(PF3)2, is very reactive and is potentially a very useful reagent for synthesis. This novel diborane(4) adduct melts at —114.3° and decomposes by a second-order process. It was characterized by vapor density, infra-red spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Acid hydrolysis produced about four moles of H2 and basic hydrolysis produced about five moles of H2 per mole of B2H4(PF3)2. In addition, the following reactions were found to proceed nearly quantitatively. 

A very considerable portion of the text has been wholly rewritten, and the entire text has been subjected to a revision and rearrangement. Specific new exercises and discussions which have been introduced include such topics as the determinations of vapor density and molecular weight, the standardization of acids and the titration of acids and bases, Faraday s law, and the use of the pH scale of hydrogen-ion concentration. Several new preparar tions have been introduced, and a few of the old ones have been discontinued. A complete list of apparatus and chemicals required in the course has been added to the Appendix. 

Composition Perchloromethyl formate. CICOOCCU. Properties Colorless liquid of anise-like odor. Sp. gr. 1.65 at 15°. M. P. —57°. Vapor density 6.9. Volatility 26 mg/liter at 20°. B. P. 127°. Can be filled into shells in the field. In contact with air is decomposed into hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide. Lung irritant, causes coughing and painful breathing. Toxicity about same as that of phosgene. 

Properties Colorless, mobile liquid stinging, like pepper in nose. Sp. gr. 1.74 at 14°. Vapor density 6. B. P. 156°. Decomposed by water, forming ethylarsine oxide and hydrochloric acid. Lung irritant and vesicant causes vomiting, paralysis of hands. 

Properties Colorless gas, odor of musty hay. Vapor density 3.4. B. P. 8°. More inert and much more toxic than chlorine gas. In contact with water it decomposes into hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide. Very powerful lung irritant causes collapse and heart failure. 

Boyle, T.B. and J.J. Carroll. 2001. Calculation of acid gas density in the vapor, liquid, and dense-phase regions. 51s Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

Still another man, Cahours, during the years 1847-48 isolated a substance from crude wood alcohol by treating the alcohol with sulphuric acid. He called this substance toluen, which is so near toluene that naturally it would be supposed to be the same. Cahours demonstrated, however, that the formula of toluen was CuHs, which gives rise to a doubt as to whether his product was really identical with toluene. An abstract, dated 1849, reads thus (6) Cahours has separated from crude wood alcohol different oily hydrocarbons, some already known some new. Toluen C 4Hs is identical with the toluene of DeviUe. It distills between 108 and 112° C. Cahours found the vapor density to be 3.27. Through treatment with nitric acid he obtained mono- and dinitrotoluene, and from these, by reduction with ammonium sulphide, the corresponding toluidin and nitrotoluidin. ... 

Since this time, analogous facts have multiplied formic acid and nitrogen peroxide show similar variations to those manifested by acetic acid Troost and Hautefeuille have-proved that the density of sulphur vapor, at atmospheric pressure, passed sensibly from the value 6.6 to the value 2.2 when the temperature went from 500 C. to 1000 C. the experiments of Crafts and Meier, performed by the method of displacement of air, showed that iodine vapor density nearly constant and equal to 8.8 while the temperature remained less than 700 C., rapidly decreased beyond reaching a value slightly greater than 4.4 when the temperature exceeded 1600 . 

But if, in these various cases, we can put beyond doubt the existence of the same gas in two distinct polymeric forms, we are indebted to the phenomena of false equilibrium in the conditions of temperature and pressure for which the states of false equilibrium would not be produced, oxygen, taken in definite conditions, would always enclose a determined amount of ozone at a given pressure and temperature its properties would.be perfectly determined but its density taken with respect to a perfect gas would vary with the pressure and with the temperature oxygen would behave, in terms of the variation of density produced by a rise in temperature, just as do sulphur vapor, iodine vapor, acetic acid vapor one may not, therefore, argue from this fact that at a given pressure and temperature each of these gases exists in a perfectly determined state in order to deny, for each of them, the coexistence of two polymers one may nierely conclude there are not produced phenomena of false equilibrium in the conditions of temperature and pressure for which the experiments have been performed. 

A similar formula represents the vapor densities of acetic acid observed by Cahours, Bineau, Horstmann, Troost, Naumann, Playfair, and Wanklyn another the vapor densities of formic acid, determined by Bineau. 

A. Reiser, A. Kimla, and J. H jek. Collection Czechoslov. Chem. Communs. 19, 4-14 (1954) (in German). Vapor density A//, acetaldoxime, acetic acid, methanol, 120-164°C. 

Vapor density A/7, acetaldoxime, acetic acid, methanol, 120 164°C. 

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