Acid chlorides dimethylformamide

Electrophilic nitrosation of the carbanion generated from the reaction of an organic base with a strong organic acid, such as a-hydrohexafluoroisobutyronitnle [2], a hydrohexafluoroisobutyric acid or its acid chloride [2], or a hydrotetra fluoroethanesulfonyl fluoride [4], yields the corresponding a-nitroso compound as the major product (equations 2 and 3) The a-hydrohexafluoroisobutyric acid or acid chloride reacts with excess trifluoroacetyl nitrite in dimethylformamide to afford the O substituted oxime [3] (equation 4)... 

The sulfonylated and acylated PPO presents solubility characteristics which are completely different from those of the parent PPO. Table V presents the solubility of some modified structures compared to those of unmodified PPO. It is very important to note that, after sulfonylation, most of the polymers become soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N— dimethylformamide (DMF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC). At the same time it is interesting to mention that, while PPO crystallizes from methylene chloride solution, all the sulfonylated polymers do not crystallize and form indefinitely stable solutions in methylene chloride. Only some of the acetylated polymers become soluble in DMF and DMAC, and none are soluble in DMSO. The polymers acetylated with aliphatic acid chlorides such as propionyl chloride are also soluble in acetone. 

The enamine 141 can be cyclized to the [l,2,4]triazolopyridopyrimidine 142 upon treatment with sodium ethoxide (Scheme 40) <2002M1297>. This fused tricyclic system may also be obtained, like the pteridine analogue (cf. Scheme 38), from the reaction of hydrazonoyl halides and pyridopyrimidines such as 143, and also by treatment of the triazolopyrimidine 144 with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA) dimethylacetal and subsequent ring closure <2003MOL333, 2003HAC491> (Scheme 41). Another series of triazolopyridopyrimidines, for example, 146, can be prepared from a hydrazine-substituted pyridopyrimidine 145, in two ways either directly by reaction with an acid chloride, or via a derived hydrazone (Scheme 42) <1996MI585>. 

Dimethylaminoethane-2-ol (20) is a compound that, by virtue of its nucleophilic center (Me2NH+C2H40), is employed to convert protected segments bound to supports as benzyl esters into acids by transesterification into dimethylaminoethyl esters [C(=0)0C2H4NMe2] that are hydrolyzable by a dimethylformamide-water (1 1) mixture. Compound 20 readily forms esters from acid chlorides. The hydrolysis and esterification are facilitated by anchimeric assistance by the adjacent nitrogen atom (see Section 2.10). The amino alcohol also reacts with dichloromethane. 

Although it has been found possible to isolate the intermediate aldehyde in the reduction of the acid chlorides using sodium borohydride in the presence of dimethylformamide, no analogous procedure has been developed for use under phase-transfer conditions [12],... 

It has been reported that thermoplastic properties can be imparted to wood by modification of wood particles with fatty acid chlorides in a dinitrogen tetroxide -dimethylformamide - pyridine mixture (Funakoshi etal., 1979 Shiraishi etal, 1979, 1983). A method has also been developed for the modification of wood sawdust without the addition of organic solvents (Thiebaud and Borredon, 1995), and the thermal properties of such modified wood determined (Thiebaud etal, 1997). 

Divalent chromium salts show very strong reducing properties. They are prepared by reduction of chromium(III) compounds with zinc [187] or a zinc-copper couple and form dark blue solutions extremely sensitive to air. Most frequently used salts are chromous chloride [7SS], chromous sulfate [189], and less often chromous acetate. Reductions of organic compounds are carried out in homogeneous solutions in aqueous methanol [190], acetone [191], acetic acid [192], dimethylformamide [193] or tetrahydrofuran [194] (Procedure 37, p. 214). 

Aluminum foil, Iodine powder. Carbon disulfide, 1,4,6,9-Tetrabromodiamantane, Sodium bisulfite. Hydrochloric acid. Methanol, Acetonitrile, Acetone, Sodium hydroxide. Magnesium sulfate. Potassium permanganate. Toluene Methylene chloride, 2-Bromomethanol, Trioxane, Aluminum chloride. Magnesium sulfate, Nitroform, Acetone, Sodium bicarbonate. Hexane, Silver nitrate. Acetonitrile 1,2-Dichloroethane, HexamethyldisUane, Iodine, Cyclohexane, 1,3-Dioxolane, Nitroform, Methylene chloride, Dimethylformamide, Sodium sulfate. Hydrochloric acid. Magnesium sulfate. Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid Sulfuryl chloride. Acetic anhydride. Nitric acid. Sodium bicarbonate. Sodium sulfate Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid, Malonamide Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid, Cyanoacetic acid Sulfuric acid, Acetasalicyclic acid. Potassium nitrate Nitroform, Diethyl ether, 1-Bromo-l-nitroethane, Sodium sulfuate... 

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Phloroglucinol, Hydrochloric acid Sodium chlorate. Copper sulfate. Ammonium hydroxide. Alcohol Sodium chlorate. Copper sulfate. Ammonium hydroxide. Alcohol Sulfuric acid. Potassium nitrate, 1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride. Hexane, Charcoal, Sodium sulfate, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanone, Potassium hydrogen carbonate, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Trifluoroacetic acid. Urea, Dimethylformamide Nitric acid. Urine... 

Dichloroethane, HexamethyldisUane, Iodine, Cyclohexane, 1,3-Dioxolane, Nitroform, Methylene chloride, Dimethylformamide, Sodium sulfate. Hydrochloric acid. Magnesium sulfate. Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid... 

Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride. Hexane, Charcoal, Sodium sulfate, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanone. Potassium hydrogen carbonate, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Trifluoroacetic acid. Urea, Dimethylformamide ... 

Parrish (1977) reviewed the research and development of lactose ester-type surfactants carried out by Scholnick and his colleagues (Scholnick et al. 1974, 1975 Scholnick and Linfield 1977). Their initial attempts to form lactose esters followed the same transesterification procedures that had been used with sucrose (a fatty acid methyl ester in N,N-dimethylformamide with potassium carbonate as the catalyst). Their successful approach was the reaction of lactose in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the solvent with fatty acid chlorides, resulting in yields of 88 to 95% for esters of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and tallow fatty acids. The principal product was the monoester, which is important for detergent use, since diesters and higher esters of lactose are not water soluble. 

Dinitrobenzenesulphenyl chloride reacts in polar solvents (acetone, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetic acid and dimethylformamide) with alkenes to yield crystalline adducts, the / -chloroalkyl-2,4-dinitrophenyl sulphides, e.g. ... 

Reaction of dyes containing a primary amino group with dimethylformamide and an inorganic acid chloride, e.g., phosphoryl chloride, permits introduction of the formamidinium group (e.g.,57), which is also scissioned off upon heating in the dye bath [154], A similar reaction occurs with the trialkylhydrazinium moiety obtained by reacting formyl-substituted azo dyes with dialkylhydrazines and subsequent quatemization [155],... 

Azaindoles are readily acylated on the pyrrole nitrogen by warming on a water bath with acid anhydrides or with acid chlorides in the presence of carbonate or pyridine. Good yields were obtained by this procedure for the following compounds l-acetyl-7-azaindole, 1-benzoyl- and l-benzenesulfonyl-7-azaindole, l-benzoyl-2-methyl-7-azaindole, 1-ethoxycarbonyl- and l-chloroacetyl-7-azaindole, l-acetyl-3-cyano-7-azaindole, 1-benzoyl-4-azindole, and 1-acetyl- and l-benzoyl-2,5-dimethyl-4-azaindole. The only reported failure was with 5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-azaindole, which failed to react with acetic anhydride or benzoyl chloride. 2-Methyl-7-azaindole-3-acetic acid was acylated by treatment of its ierGbutyl ester with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide, followed by p-chlorobenzoyl chloride. ... 

By using sodium borohydride in N,N-dimethylformamide solution containing a molar excess of pyridine as a borane scavenger, direct conversion of both aliphatic and aromatic acid chlorides to the corresponding aldehydes can be achieved in >70% yield with 5-10% alcohol formation. 

Lustrous adhesive nickel layers can be obtained from baths containing nickel sulfamate, nickel chloride, boric acid, or dimethylformamide (DMF). At 60 °C, current densities of 3 A/dm can be reached [152]. 

As with interfacial polycondensation an acid-acceptor is necessary to neutralize the hydrochloric acid formed in the reaction. These low-temperature poly condensation reactions are irreversible, and the acid-acceptor is necessary only to keep the reacting diamine free for reaction with the acid chloride. iV,iV-Dimethylacetamide and related solvents are often employed. Ar,A-Dimethylformamide cannot be used as it reacts with the acid chloride, and only low-molecular-weight polymer results. These amide solvents form loose complexes with the hydrochloric acid produced during the polymerization, and no additional acid-acceptor is needed. However, the final solutions are usually neutralized to minimize corrosion of metallic equipment during later steps such as spinning, and to provide small amounts of water often found necessary for the long-term stability of the polymer solutions [111]. 

The reactions can be catalyzed effectively by various additives. It has been shown that dimethylform-amide constitutes an effective catalyst in many cases, the reaction being thought to proceed via an intermediate imidoyl chloride (equation 2). ° The catalytic effect may be so pronounced that otherwise unreactive carboxylic acids can be transformed to their acid chlorides. An example is trichloroacetic acid which reacts only in the presence of N.N-dimethylformamide with thionyl chloride. Interestingly, this reaction can also be accomplished in the presence of an alkali metal chloride. Other catalysts being used include pyridine" and triphenylphosphine. The latter converts iso- and tere-phthalic acid quantitatively to the corresponding acid dichlorides. 

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