Acid amount

NiO content (wt %) Surface area (m /g) Acid amount (pmol/g)... 

Catalyst The nature of acidity Amount of active phase (mmol/g) S BET (m"/g) Dp (A) Number of centers /m ... 

Ti/Zr reaction time Acetic acid amount Acetic acid reaction time Solution Concentration Pb dissolution temperature Refluxing... 

For further purification the crystallised acid is boiled for a quarter of an hour under reflux with methylated spirit (one part by volume of spirit for each part by weight of acid), left over night without filtering, then collected again at the pump, washed with alcohol, and finally the almost colourless material is recrystallised from spirit, in which it is dissolved by boiling under reflux. The pure cholic acid separates on cooling in the form of transparent tetrahedral crystals. Melting point 196°. A further quantity of pure substance can be obtained from the mother liquor by concentration. If the acid, partially purified as described, is extracted in a thimble with ethyl acetate, a very fine preparation is obtained. The yield of pure acid amounts to fully 50 g. 

In the runs carried out by the checkers, conversion of reactant was slightly lower than 50% as shown by the recovery of 2-toluic acid in 63-74% yield. In these runs benzocyclobutenone was obtained in 17-20% yield only. However, the yield calculated with respect to reactant consumed and not recovered as 2-toluic acid amounted to 56-64% and thus did not differ significanlty from the value given in the procedure. 

Table VI compares results from air, dust and slurry investigations on VFA and phenolic/indolic compounds in piggeries. Relative values are used. When comparing the results derived from investigations on dust, air or slurry it is necessary to use relative values because of the different dimensions, for experience shows that in spite of large quantitative differences between two samples within the group of carboxylic acids and within the group of phenolic/indolic compounds the proportions of the components remain rather stable (36). In the group of VFA acetic acid is the main component in air, dust, and slurry followed by propionic and butyric acid. The other three acids amount to less than 25%. In the group of phenols/ indoles p-cresol is the main component in the four cited investigations. However, it seems that straw bedding can reduce the p-cresol content in this case phenol is the main component, instead (37).

Preequilibration of the solvent may be required. In some systems, this cost is minimal, but in others it may be high for example, in uranium extraction from sulfate solutions using tertiary amines, the sulfuric acid preequilibration of the solvent before extraction is a few cents or less per pound of UsOg produced. By comparison, in a TBP-HNO3 system for the recovery of zirconium, the preequilibration costs, using nitric acid, amount to about 50 cents per pound of Zr produced. 

As the conductivity of the equilibrium mixture in 0.5 M boric acid amounts to about 65 units, the quantities of D-galactofuranoses are smaller than for D-glucose solutions, but on the other hand the mutarota-tion proceeds somewhat more rapidly. It may also be observed that in pure water both isomers also show a gradual increase in conductivity, which however is much less than in 0.5 M boric acid. 

Entry Catalyst Ratio Acid" (amount(eq)) Time Yield (%) 10 xM PDI TOF (min )... 

The crude DL-aspartic acid, amounting to 58-60 g., is recrystallized from 600 ml. of hot water and yields 54 g. of pure dl-... 

Disease Clinical severity Biochemistry sialic acid (amount in urine, tissues)... 

The united water solutions are distilled and 48 per cent hydrobromic acid boiling at 125-126° is collected. The yield of pure a-bromonaphthalene varies from 2000 to 2200 g. and in certain cases reaches 2450 g., the yield of hydrobromic acid amounting to about 2650 g. 

In group A salts, the acid amount exceeds the number of protons expected from the formula for Na salts of H3PW12O40. Partial hydrolysis has been proposed [type (5)] (46a). 

A correlation between the acid amount of the surface and the catalytic activity for the Cs salts of H3PW12O40 is shown in Fig. 29 128). The number of surface... 

Absorption is influenced significantly by the cations in the salts (235). Typical examples for absorption of ethanol are shown in Fig. 46. It is clear that the absorption of H3PW12O40 is greatly suppressed when H+ is replaced by Cs, while the absorptivity varies little when H+ is replaced by Na+. In contrast, there is little difference between the Na and Cs salts when they are characterized by the acid amounts measured by pyridine absorption. 

Fig. 46. Total amount (a) and absorption capacities (b) of Na and Cs salts of H3PW12O40 (O) Na, ( ) Cs. The acid amounts were measured by pyridine absorption (adsorption). (From Ref. 235.)...

The loss of ascorbic acid amounted to about 8% to 10% over the storage period. 

Methyl Red dye and (b) integrated intensity vs. acid amount on absorbent plate calibration curve. 

By boiling a solution of a-p-anisyl-Y-3-methoxyphenylbutyric acid (LXXXYI) in phosphorus oxychloride for five minutes, the cyclic ketone (LXXXVII) was formed in 73% yield 2220 unchanged acid amounting to 16% was recovered. This same method applied to the trimethoxy acid... 

As mentioned above the organic additives block the active growth sites. In this case the crystallite size should be a function of the additive concentration [80, 81]. Therefore the aluminum deposition from an AlCl3/[BMIM]Q bath has been repeated with increasing benzoic acid amounts (see Figure 8.6). Only a small concentration of this additive reduces the crystallite size to 40 nm, and a further addition does not lead to any substantial further reduction in the crystallite size. The limit is at about 1.5 wt.%. The addition of more benzoic acid shows no further effect because all active sites are blocked by the additive molecules. Even an extreme surplus of additive does not change the nanostructure [64],... 

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