Acetylene soot

The halogenating action of generally accepted chlorinating agents, such as CCI4, COCl2, CI2, and C + Cl2 mixture (where carbon is introduced into the melt in the form of acetylene soot), is substantiated by the thermodynamic... 

Uminsky M. V., Makordey F. V., Khitrich V. F. The influence of conditions synthesis of electrochemical property acetylene soot... 

To make electrical conductive polymer material it is necessary to use special types technical carbon. Unlike usual soot it has more specific surface. Industrially producing plmnbago has the size 100-1000 times lager then acetylene soot. In fact, to achieve necessary level of electrical conductivity we need use 10-15 % mass of plumbago AG-4 in material 15-20% of soot. 

The presents of acetylene soot- Xi, threoxid surema - Xi, decabrom-feniloxid - - Xa were the independent variables. The response function is quantity of measureing characteristic in the time of verifying independent variables. 

Hoechst WHP Process. The Hoechst WLP process uses an electric arc-heated hydrogen plasma at 3500—4000 K it was developed to industrial scale by Farbwerke Hoechst AG (8). Naphtha, or other Hquid hydrocarbon, is injected axially into the hot plasma and 60% of the feedstock is converted to acetylene, ethylene, hydrogen, soot, and other by-products in a residence time of 2—3 milliseconds Additional ethylene may be produced by a secondary injection of naphtha (Table 7, Case A), or by means of radial injection of the naphtha feed (Case B). The oil quenching also removes soot. 

The reaction gas is rapidly quenched with injected water at the point of optimum yield of acetylene, which happens to correspond with the point of maximum soot production. Coke will deposit on the walls of the burner and must be removed from time to time by a scraper. 

Frenklach, M. and Warnatz, J., Detailed modeling of PAH profiles in a sooting low-pressure acetylene flame. Combust. Sci. Tech., 51,265,1987. 

Acetylene also plays an important role as intermediate in soot formation in flames, because the reverse of reaction (la) forms singlet methylene,... 

FIGURE 8.14 Critical sooting equivalence ratio l c at 2200K as a function of the number C—C bonds in hydrocarbon fuels. +, 0, and - indicate ethane/l-octane mixtures in molar ratios of 5 to 1, 2 to 1 and 1 to 2, respectively x, acetylene/benzene at a molar ratio of 1 to 3. The O symbol for 2 to 1, falls on top of the butene symbol. 

The detailed modeling of soot formation in the shock tube pyrolysis of acetylene [106] and other fuels [107] provides the central basis for the fuel-independent general mechanisms suggested here. It must be noted, as well, that a large body of work by Howard et al. [108, 109] on premixed flames with regard to formation of aromatic species provides direct tests of the proposed mechanisms and are key to understanding and modeling soot formation. 

The fact that most alkylated benzenes show the same tendency to soot is also consistent with a mechanism that requires the presence of phenyl radicals, concentrations of acetylene that arise from the pyrolysis of the ring, and the formation of a fused-ring structure. As mentioned, acetylene is a major pyrolysis product of benzene and all alkylated aromatics. The observation that 1-methylnaphthalene is one of the most prolific sooting compounds is likely explained by the immediate presence of the naphthalene radical during pyrolysis (see Fig. 8.23). 

Order the following compounds in their tendency to soot under diffusion flame conditions vinyl acetylene, ethene, phenyl acetylene, benzene, and acetylene. 

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