Acetates aliphatic

Hexenyl acetate (aliphatic ester) (<0 3-Hexenyl ( )-3-hexanoate (aliphatic ester) Homofuraneol (furanone)... 

Nitriles are also the usual products of oxidation of aliphatic amines RCH2NH2 by nickel peroxide and lead(IV) acetate. Aliphatic azo compounds can be prepared from these primary amines by first converting them into ulfamides (6), these then being oxidized with sodium hypochlorite or (better) r butyl hypochlorite (Scheme 9). A few aliphatic azo compounds can be formed in good yield by direct oxidation of r-alkylamines for example, AIBN was formed (86%) by oxidation of the amine Me2C(CN)NH2 with sodium hypochlorite. A special case of azoalkane foimation is the synthesis of chlorodiazirines (7) from amidines RC(= NH)NH2 by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite. ... 

Applicability Particularly accurate for the following families acetates, aliphatic ethers, halogenated compounds, dicarboxylic acids, ketones, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic acids, propionates and butyrates, and unsaturated aliphatic esters. 

Cellulose nitrate Esters (ethyl acetate. Aliphatic hydrocarbons... 

Treatment of difluorocyclopropyl acetates procured by release of singlet difluoro-cartfene (from CFsCl COsNa-A) in the presence of enol acetates [aliphatic, aliQrclic (including steroids), or aromatic] with alcoholic acid or base provides a useful homologation sequence that can lead to oc-difluoro-ketones, tx-fluoro-enooes, and... 

If a phenol is not indicated, the solution may contain an aliphatic acid. Transfer to a distilling-flask, make definitely acid with dih H2SO4, and distil the volatile formic and acetic acids if present will distil over. If the distillation gives negative reactions, test the residual solution in the flask for oxalic, succinic, lactic, tartaric and citric acids and glycine, remembering that the solution is strongly acid. 

With higher aliphatic acids, RCOOH, keten yields first a mixed anhydride CH3COOCOR, which can be distilled under reduced pressure by slow distillation at atmospheric pressure the mixed anhydride undergoes rearrangement into the anhydride of the higher fatty acid and acetic acid, for example ... 

The mixed aliphatic - aromatic ethers are somewhat more reactive in addition to cleavage by strong hydriodio acid and also by constant b.p. hydrobromio acid in acetic acid solution into phenols and alkyl halides, they may be bromi-nated, nitrated and converted into sulphonamides (Section IV,106,2). 

The formation of acyloins (a-hydroxyketones of the general formula RCH(OH)COR, where R is an aliphatic residue) proceeds best by reaction between finely-divided sodium (2 atoms) and esters of aliphatic acids (1 mol) in anhydrous ether or in anhydrous benzene with exclusion of oxygen salts of enediols are produced, which are converted by hydrolysis into acyloins. The yield of acetoin from ethyl acetate is low (ca. 23 per cent, in ether) owing to the accompanying acetoacetic ester condensation the latter reaction is favoured when the ester is used as the solvent. Ethyl propionate and ethyl ji-butyrate give yields of 52 per cent, of propionoin and 72 per cent, of butyroin respectively in ether. 

The Claisen condensation of an aliphatic ester and a thiazolic ester gives after acidic hydrolysis a thiazolylketone (56). For example, the Claisen condensation of ethyl 4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate with ethyl acetate followed by acid hydrolysis gives methyl 4-methyl-5-thiazolyl ketone in 16% yield. 

Acylation. Aliphatic amine oxides react with acylating agents such as acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride to form either A[,A/-diaLkylamides and aldehyde (34), the Polonovski reaction, or an ester, depending upon the polarity of the solvent used (35,36). Along with a polar mechanism (37), a metal-complex-induced mechanism involving a free-radical intermediate has been proposed. 

The thermal glass-transition temperatures of poly(vinyl acetal)s can be determined by dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and nmr techniques (31). The thermal glass-transition temperature of poly(vinyl acetal) resins prepared from aliphatic aldehydes can be estimated from empirical relationships such as equation 1 where OH and OAc are the weight percent of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate units and C is the number of carbons in the chain derived from the aldehyde. The symbols with subscripts are the corresponding values for a standard (s) resin with known parameters (32). The formula accurately predicts that resin T increases as vinyl alcohol content increases, and decreases as vinyl acetate content and aldehyde carbon chain length increases. 

Amino-pyridazines and -pyridazinones react with monomethyl- or iV,A-dimethyl-formamide and other aliphatic amides in the presence of phosphorus trichloride, thionyl chloride, phosgene or benzenesuUonyl chloride to give mono- or di-alkylaminomethyl-eneamino derivatives. The same compounds can be prepared conveniently with A,iV-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in high yield (Scheme 50). 

Hydrazinopyridazines are easily formylated with formic acid or ethyl formate and acety-lated with acetic anhydride. A-Pyridazinylthiosemicarbazides are obtained from thiocyanates or alkyl- and aryl-isothiocyanates. Hydrazinopyridazines condense with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones to give hydrazones. 

V-Acylation of oxaziridine (54) is of more importance, yielding 2-acyloxaziridines which were unaccessible otherwise until recently. Oxaziridines (54) derived from cyclohexanone, butanone or benzaldehyde are acylated readily by acetic anhydride, acid chlorides or isocyanates. Oxaziridines from aliphatic aldehydes, too unstable to be isolated, may be trapped in situ by benzoylation (67CB2593). 

Polyvinyl chloride acetate copolymers Tough Very good Excellent Excellent (Aliphatic hydrocarbon, good aromatic hydrocarbon, poor) Fair, ISO F Very good Easy... 

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