Acetals and derivatives

Polyvinyl acetate and derivatives Polyvinyl acetate is used largely for coating applications, but the derivative polyvinyl alcohol, will, providing there are some residual acetate groups, dissolve in water. Reaction products of polyvinyl alcohol with aldehydes such as polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral are highly specialised materials. 

Next to iodine there is also another class of neutral Lewis acids known. Tetracyanoethylene, dicyanoketene acetals and derivatives can catalyse reaction due to their tt-Lewis acid properties. They promoted the alcoholysis of epoxides [238], tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols [239], monothioacetahzation of acetals [240], and carbon-carbon bond formation of acetals [241,242] and imines [243] with silylated carbon nucleophiles. 

Elhanol Acetate and Derivatives. See Ethyl Acetate and Derivatives... 

Table 10. Mean lifetime of the propagating radical of vinyl acetate and derived rate constants in various solvents at 30 °C17i...

Indole-3-acetic and derivatives with e.g. methyl or methoxy substituents (to vary the ease of oxidation) were oxidized by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of mammalian cells [73]. Substantial cell kill was observed, but treatment with either drug or enzyme alone was ineffective however, similar cytotoxic effects were observed even if the indole was oxidized without cells present and the oxidation products then added to cells. This ruled out peroxyl radicals themselves as the challenging species (the original hypothesis), even though lipid peroxidation and protection by antioxidants (ascorbate, a-tocopherol) was observed in liposome models [23,158,159]. Further biological studies have been summarized [160]. 

With acetate and derivatives CrCCHjCOO) CH3COOH room 106 c. 0.50 67H12... 

Chiral proline derivatives have proven to be extremely valuable in a variety of asymmetric syntheses. A further example of this is in condensations between the enolate of ethyl acetate and derivatives (148) leading, after hydrolysis, to the hydroxy-esters (149) in chemical yields of 50—85% with enantiomeric enrichments of >80%. ... 

New in this chapter are a number of organotin alkoxide acetals and derivatives of organotin alkoxides with chelating 1,2- and 1,3"diketones. It is doubtful in most cases that the two different moieties are linked to the same tin atom. The compounds compiled in Tables I89 and I90 are prepared by methods from the following scheme. 

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