Accumulation inerts

The question of accumulated, inert matter. The data of la-cobucci et al. (18) indicate that even considerable amounts of accumulated inert matter (half of total solids content in the reactor) did not disturb the steady state. How the case will be in the present system, where Alcalase is used instead of P.duponti protease has not yet been investigated, but as it will be shown in the following it seems plausible that a similar result could be obtained. 

K. values in fig. 4, ibid.). If S = 6% and I changes from 0 to IZ, the decrease in v will be 15%. This will correspond to a decrease in E of 15%. The possible inhibitory effect of the accumulated inert matter could thus be counteracted by gradually increasing E. 

The elemental composition of the three maceral groups varies. The vitrinite, which frequently is about 85% of the sample in the United States, is similar to the patent coal. The liptinites are richer in hydrogen, whereas the inertinites are relatively deficient in hydrogen and richer in carbon. The liptinites also contain more aliphatic materials the inertinites are richer in aromatics. The term inertinite refers to the relative chemical inertness of this material, making it especially undesirable for Hquefaction processes because it tends to accumulate in recycled feedstock streams. 

In passive attack, biological material acts as a chemically inert substance. Wastage is an indirect consequence of the biological mass or biological by-products. Biomass acts as any deposit accumulation would,... 

Where inerting is not used, one guideline restricts operations to metal or enameled metal tanks having a volume no greater than 5 m, a diameter no greater than 3 m and all conductive parts grounded. The liquid should contain a maximum of 1 wt% insoluble solids, have a maximum feed rate of 60 L/min and the delivery pressure should not exceed 50 bar. The vessel should be continuously drained to prevent liquid accumulation [127]. 

The gas is non-flammable, and is used for inert gas purging. Because it is 1.5 times heavier than air it may accumulate at low level. The general handling precautions are those in Table 9.3. 

The gas reacts over the ammonia catalyst in an exothermic process at 450-500 °C, leading to an exit concentration of ammonia of about 15-19%. The ammonia is extracted by condensation and the unreacted gas recycled to the reactor. A fraction is purged to prevent the accumulation of inert components. The ammonia condensation is not complete, meaning that the real inlet gas of the reactor already contains several percent of ammonia. 

This equation can be used directly for any well-mixed, batch, semi-batch or continuous volume element. The term on the left-hand side represents the rate of energy accumulation. The first term on the right-hand side depicts the energy needed to raise the temperature of the incoming reactants, including inert material, to the reactor temperature. The second term describes the heat... 

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