Accomplishments, tracking

A recent design of the maximum bubble pressure instrument for measurement of dynamic surface tension allows resolution in the millisecond time frame [119, 120]. This was accomplished by increasing the system volume relative to that of the bubble and by using electric and acoustic sensors to track the bubble formation frequency. Miller and co-workers also assessed the hydrodynamic effects arising at short bubble formation times with experiments on very viscous liquids [121]. They proposed a correction procedure to improve reliability at short times. This technique is applicable to the study of surfactant and polymer adsorption from solution [101, 120]. 

A quick scan of the collection of structures in Part Three will confirm the high level of activity and accomplishment which has been associated with the field of chemical synthesis over the past three decades. Upon closer inspection, it becomes apparent that the rate of achievement of successful syntheses has been increasing steadily with time. As of this writing (1988) there are many laboratories in which outstanding work on multistep synthesis of complex molecules is being carried out. One consequence of this intense effort is that the problem of keeping track of the literature of synthesis has become a difficult one for investigators and students. The... 

The price of cyclohexane tracks that of benzene and is only marginally higher because the conversion of benzene to cyclohexane is readily accomplished in very high yield. 

The movement of the test substance during the course of a Held residue study must be tracked to assure that the integrity of the test substance is maintained [40 CFR 160.185(a)(10)]. The COC can be accomplished in a number of ways. In the simplest situation, every person signs their name on a piece of paper that accompanies the test substance when they handle the test substance. Eventually the COC will list the names of all those who handled the test substance during the course of the study. Shipment, receipt, weighing, and final disposition of the test substance container must all be tracked and promptly recorded if an unbroken COC is to be present at the end of the trial. The completed COC becomes an essential part of the field residue trial record. 

Rewards. Rewards for staying on track can be a great motivator, especially for flagging enthusiasm. When you accomplish your study goal, perhaps watch your favorite TV program or have a special treat—whatever it is that will motivate you. 

Irreversible degradation of the porphyrin nucleus can be accomplished with oxidants such as chromium trioxide or potassium permanganate. As shown in Scheme 3, the products from the Cr03 reaction are maleimides, and this procedure has been used extensively for structure elucidation, and for tracking down the fate of isotopic labels in biosynthetic studies (B-75MI30702). In the absence of side chains such as formyl and vinyl, which are labile towards Cr03, it is possible to identify the various substituents on porphyrin subunits. 

Neutralization of the sulfonic acid and building up with sodium sulfate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) is accomplished in two batch reactors (5 hr cycle) operated alternately. The sodium sulfate is pumped in solution with its transfer pump from the sodium sulfate system (which can be represented by a block). The TSPP is supplied as a solid and is fed by means of a Rcdler conveyor which discharges into a weigh hopper running on a track above the two reactors. Each reactor is agitated with a propeller and a turbine blade in a single shaft. 

Filtration (12) of whole lake water from niskin casts and centrifugate from continuous-flow centrifuges was accomplished with track-etched filters (Nuclepore) of various pore sizes. For P, the fractionation protocol employed filters rated at 1.0, 0.4,... 

In another one-axis tracking concentrator, a fixed trough is made up of flat mirrors and tracking is accomplished by moving the absorber, Known as the Russell collector, this unit apparently can reach temperatures up to 900JF (482UC). 

The plant control system was designed with several objectives in mind. First, reactor outlet temperature was to be maintained at 885°C using the reactor outlet temperature controller described above. Second, to minimise thermal stresses in the IHX, the flows on the hot and cold side of the IHX are maintained near equal over the course of the transient. To accomplish this primary system inventory is adjusted by a PI controller to force the differential between primary and PCU flow rate to track a set point of near 0 kg/s. Third, to maintain high PCU efficiency in the presence of a changing electric generator load (forcing function) inventory control is used. Inventory is adjusted by a PI controller to force shaft speed to track a constant set point of 60 Hz. Fourth, cooler powers are adjusted (via cold side flow rates) for heat removal consistent with PCU operation under inventory control. This essentially means that heat rejection should scale with shaft power. 

Oxidation numbers, sometimes called oxidation states, are signed numbers assigned to atoms in molecules and ions. They allow us to keep track of the electrons associated with each atom. Oxidation numbers are frequently used to write chemical formulas, to help us predict properties of compounds, and to help balance equations in which electrons are transferred. Knowledge of the oxidation state of an atom gives us an idea about its positive or negative character. In themselves, oxidation numbers have no physical meaning they are used to simplify tasks that are more difficult to accomplish without them. 

Transitioning to this project structure, CR D developed processes to evaluate, activate, staff, track, develop and, if necessary, terminate projects. Growth Council ensures a continued match between the business case and the technical accomplishments of projects. 

---