Acceptable daily doses, human

The most recently reported UK results on surveillance for veterinary drug residues in meat and animal products show that traces of these compounds can, and sometimes do, arise in food. As all of these compounds are biologically potent in order to be effective in use, it is necessary to ensure that any residual activity in a food product does not present a risk to the consumer. The use of veterinary medicines inevitably leads to the presence of trace residues in food and the purpose of toxicological safety evaluation is to determine at what concentration the residues of a particular compound becomes a cause for concern with regard to human health. Thus, dose-response relationships have to be established and used to determine the concentration of a dmg at which the risks to human health become acceptable and are outweighed by the benefits from the use of the drug. This is in essence the process involved in the setting of Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) and... 

We tend to think that what we usually do is appropriate. This is often true in our daily life. However, it is not necessarily true in the field of science. For example, we usually run reactions in a centimeter size flask in an organic chemistry laboratory. Why The reason is probably, that the sizes of the flasks are similar to the size of our hands. However, the sizes of the flasks are not necessarily appropriate from a molecular-level viewpoint. Flasks are often too big for the control of molecular reactions. Scientifically, smaller reactors such as microreactors provide a much better molecular environment for reactions. What about reaction times Reactions in laboratory synthesis usually take minutes to hours to obtain a product in a sufficient amount. Why It is probably because a time interval of minutes to hours is acceptable and convenient for human beings. In such a range of time, we can recognize how the reaction proceeds. We start a reaction, wait for a while, and stop it in this range of time. If reactions are too fast, it is difficult to determine how the reaction proceeds, because the reaction is complete too soon after it is started. Therefore, we have chosen reactions that complete in a range of minutes to hours. Another reason is that we are able to conduct only such reactions that require minutes to hours for completion in a controlled way. In other words, in laboratory synthesis, we cannot conduct faster reactions that complete within milliseconds to seconds, because they are too fast to control. In such cases, significant amounts of unexpected compounds are obtained as byproducts. In addition, extremely fast reactions sometimes lead to explosions. However, we should keep in mind that such limitations of reaction... 

Vitamins are materials that are needed for the proper functions of human (or animal) life, but the body cannot synthesize them in isolation they have to be consmned with the diet. Today, it is well known that both insufficiently low and uimecessarily high amounts of vitamin intake may result in health problems. There are widely accepted recommendations for the daily intakes of all vitamins, but a sizable group of people do not seem to trast this expert advice. Believers in consuming megadoses of vitamins basically say more is better , and even the term alternative vitamin therapy has been coined. Are there any scientific facts to support this view Could too much of a good thing be bad in this case ... 

All human actions involve some level of risk as they are engaged in thousands of daily at-risk events. Think about what you do on a daily basis Try to become aware and notice the level and severity of risk that you actually accept for yourself and others. For example, driving on a major highway, moving from one lane to another in heavy traffic while on a cell phone, eating, or engaged in passenger conversation. 

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