Absorption plot

Fig. 1 A) Separation of phosphates and phosphonic acids B) absorption plots of track 5 and track 8. PjOl (1), PjOio (2), P20t (3), POl (4), mixture 1 (5), aminotrimethylene-phosphonic acid (6), l-hydroxyethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid (7), mixture II (8).

Absorption plots of oUgosaccharide separations are reproduced in Figure 1 (A maltodextrin, B glucose syrup), those of mono- and disaccharide separations in Figure 2. 

From the optical absorption of two different hexaphenyl films, one with its chains predominantly standing upright on the substrate, the other with the chains randomly distributed in all orientations, similar structure property relations can be concluded [139]. By comparing the calculated absorption coefficient [139J perpendicular to the chains with the observed optical absorption spectra of both films we see that the optical absorption, plotted in Figure 9-9, in the visible and... 

FIGURE 23.6 Immersion testing outline—an absorption plot. 

The interrelationships of the various coefficients associated with fluid uptake (Section 23.4.2) mean that it should be possible to estimate a rate for one of the uptake phenomena from test data for another of them. Campion proposed using this approach to estimate permeation coefficient Q from solubility coefficient s. The form of a liquid absorption plot (Figure 23.6, Section 23.4.4.1) is such that s should be obtainable from it, and inspection showed that this link was via Henry s law with concentration corrected by the polymer density p. The following expression was derived for s ... 

FIGURE 23.9 Schematic sigmoidal absorption plot for situation where D is concentration-dependent. 

An additional example of a bioavailability-predicted absorption plot is shown for a series of calcium antagonists (Fig. 19.8). Again there is considerable scatter in the data, and the four compounds - felodipine, nisoldipine, diltiazem, and verapamil -are predicted to be much better absorbed than was actually observed. Some of these compounds are known to undergo rapid first-pass metabolic clearance, and are also P-gp inhibitors or substrates (diltiazem and felodipine are P-gp substrates nicardipine and nitrendipine are P-gp inhibitors [25] verapamil is a P-gp inhibitor), and this might contribute to the scatter obtained in the graph. 

Characteristically, within certain concentration limits, if a chemical is absorbed by passive diffusion, then the concentration of toxicant in the gut and the rate of absorption are linearly related. However, if absorption is mediated by active transport, the relationship between concentration and rate of absorption conforms to Michaelis-Menten kinetics and a Lineweaver-Burk plot (i.e., reciprocal of rate of absorption plotted against reciprocal of concentration), which graphs as a straight line. 

Initial rates of oxidation were estimated from tangents at the origin of the oxygen absorption plots (Table II). The equation expressing the dependence of these rates on temperature is... 

This relation provides a simple procedure to extract Eq from the measurement of a( C8) and one example of the absorption plotted in... 

Finally, we have detected an ESR signal with g = 2.0019 and a derivative peak-to-peak line width of 1.9 G at 296 K in solid samples before chromatography. Integrated absorption plots indicate about 1 electron spin/1000 C o units. This signal may... 

Figure 6. Absorption plots for UV-A radiation (plot A) and spectra at 50% UV penetration depth (plot B) for PAH-contaminated site in St. Louis Bay, Duluth, MN and a near-shore location in Lake Superior. The 50% penetration depths shown are 10 cm and 80 cm for the St. Louis Harbor and Lake Superior sites, respectively.

Figure 4.25 A typical gel permeation chromatogram. The lower trace with short vertical lines is the differential refractive index while the upper curve is an absorption plot at a fixed ultraviolet frequency. The short vertical lines are syphon dumps numbered consecutively from the time of injection of the sample. The units of the ordinate depend on the detector, while those of the abscissa can be in terms of syphon volumes (counts) or volume of solvent.

Wagner, J. G., Pharmacokinetic absorption plots from oral data alone or oral/intra-venous data and an exact Loo-Riegehnan equation, J. Pharm. ScL, 72 838-842, 1983. 

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis works on the fact that chemical bonds and groups of chemical bonds vibrate at characteristic frequencies. During FTIR analysis, a modulated infrared (IR) beam is spotted on the specimen. The transmittance and reflectance of the infrared rays at different frequencies is then translated into an IR absorption plot consisting of reverse peaks, which after matching and identification provides information about the chemical bonding or molecular structure of materials, whether organic or inorganic. 

The critical value of 2,12 is 3.885 (P = 0.05), indicating that the between-row variation is too great to be accounted for by random variation. So the solution is not suitable as an absorbance standard. Figure 7.1 shows the molar absorptivity plotted against wavelength, with the values for the same concentration joined... 

Figure 3.15 Comparison of detection limits for trace element analysis by flame atomic absorption, ICP-atomic emission, and furnace atomic absorption, plotted on a logarithmic scale of concentration in micro grams per liter (parts per billion). Because furnace detection limits are inherently in units of mass (picograms), they have been converted to concentration by assuming a 20 p.L sample. (From Ref. 16.)...

Figure 10.27 Absorption plots of sedimentation of NADH (340 nmj. (A) NADH alone sediments at 0.2 S.(B) NADH bound to lactate dehydrogenase sediments at 7 S. Mis the meniscus and B signifies bottom of the cell...

Figure 5.14 Moisture absorption plot of PMMA and its ex-situ and in-situ prepared nanocomposites with surface-treated CNF. Reproduced from [65] with permission of WUey.

Figure 50.7 Absorption plot for an FCC absorber with 10 theoretical stages and 10% loss of propane from feed to dry gas.

Eigure 23.5 shows an absorption spectrum for a sample in liquid solution, with the absorptivity plotted as a function l/X, measured in cm . This spectrum shows absorption over broad ranges of wavelength, not just at a few wavelengths. This is common for absorbing substances dissolved in liquid solvents. The spectral lines are... 

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