Absorption enhancers phosphatidylcholines

Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) is a phospholipid, which may be isolated from either egg yolk or soybeans. It is commercially available in high purity for medical uses and has been used to enhance the absorption of insulin in vivo [26]. The antibiotic sodium fusidate, a steroid similar in molecular structure to bile salts has also been shown to have permeation enhancing properties for insulin in vitro [41]. 

Koo, S.I. and Noh, S.K. 2001. Phosphatidylcholine inhibits and lysophosphatidylcholine enhances the lymphatic absorption of a-tocopherol in adult rats. J. Nutr. 131, 717-722. 

A lipid system of biosomes composed of phosphatidylcholine from soybean and medium-chain monoacylglycerol and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), used in the treatment and prevention of thromboses, was reported (51). Heparin is known as having poor oral absorption. The system is applicable for oral and parentral administration as well as for enhancing dermal, rectal, and nasal absorption of other dmgs. 

---