Absorption efficiency factor

The term Qext rises in value as d increases from near 0 for very small particles to 2 for larger particles. A scattering efficiency factor Q t and an absorption efficiency factor Qabs can each be defined in a manner similar to Qext. Then from Eq. 16.5... 

The concept of radical capture efficiency was further elaborated on by Hansen et al. [15-17]. By applying the theory of mass transfer with simultaneous chemical reactions, they proposed the following expression to represent the net rate of radical absorption by a particle, introducing an ""absorption efficiency factor F into Eq. 8... 

Unzueta et al. [18] derived a kinetic model for the emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) employing both the micellar and homogeneous nucleation mechanisms and introducing the radical absorption efficiency factor for micelles, F, and that for particles, Fp. They compared experimental results with model predictions, where they employed the values of Fp=10 and Fn,=10", respectively, as adjustable parameters. However, they did not explain the reason why the value of Fp, is an order of magnitude smaller than the value of Fp. Sayer et al. [19] proposed a kinetic model for continuous vinyl acetate (VAc) emulsion polymerization in a pulsed... 

Fig. 3. Inverse absorption efficiency factor I /F as a function of particle radius r for distribution constants a = I and 10. Effective surface potential ti o =°6 (I). SO mV (II), and lOOmV PII). Other patameters ) = I x t0 dm sec,...

The absorption efficiency factors F and Fa are as usual given by Eq. (22). An illustration of the effect of monomer droplet size on emulsifier... 

For cylinders, it is difficult to obtain a similar expression analytically. However, an approximate expression for the absorption efficiency factor was given as [189] ... 

The extinction efficiency factor which is the sum of scattering efficiency factor Qsca and the absorption efficiency factor Qahs, is defined as the quotient of C xt and the physical cross-section area ttR. The scattering and absorption efficiency factors can be calculated according to the general Mie theory, which is explained, in some detail, below. Both can be expressed as infinite series (9). 

The actual stage can be a mixing vessel, as in a mixer-settler used for solvent extraction applications, or a plate of a distillation or gas absorption column. In order to allow for non-ideal conditions in which the compositions of the two exit streams do not achieve full equilibrium, an actual number of stages can be related to the number of theoretical stages, via the use of a stage-efficiency factor. 

The O Flaherty Model simulates the age-dependence of lead kinetics on such factors as absorption efficiency, excretion efficiency, uptake into bone and loss from bone, and partitioning between plasma and red blood cells. The model does not incorporate age, dose rate, or time dependence of lead accumulation in every organ (e g., kidney) because the complex patterns of lead accumulation in certain tissues are not known (O Flaherty 1991a) (see Section 2.4.1). However, the basic model structure allows for additional modules to be incorporated, depending on its intended use in risk assessment. For example, additional modules that are currently being developed are a pregnancy model and a model of net bone loss in older women and men. 

The most efficient factor in stabilizing the electronic state is the dipole-dipole interaction. This creates a local electric field (reactive field) around the excited dye interacting with its dipole [14]. If the charges are present in its vicinity, they create an electric field that interacts with the dye dipole and induces electrochromic shifts of absorption and fluorescence spectra. The direction of these shifts depends on the relative orientation of the electric field vector and the dye dipole. These effects of electrochromism are overviewed in [15]. 

We may define efficiencies (or efficiency factors) for extinction, scattering, and absorption ... 

In calculating efficiency factors for absorption and scattering, the wavelength dependence of both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index must be considered. 

In packaging applications it is not only the compressive strength and modulus which are important but also the energy absorption characteristics. Comparison of these characteristics for individual foams with that of maximum possible at the same force and deflection gives the efficiency factor, where... 

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