ABCD analysis

ABCD analysis Technique for analyzing technical and administrative functions. A activities add value to the customer and require decision-making discretion. B activities require decision making but do not add value. C activities do not require decision making but do add value. D items do not require decision making and do not add value. The classification is useful for process analysis and deciding how to remove or automate activities. 

From the fact that the ABCD system of dibenzotetraazapentalene 255 did not become an AA BB system on heating, even at 225°C, it was concluded339 that the valence isomerization tetraazapentalene tetraazacyclooctatetraene (Scheme 14, Section IV,B,2) did not occur. Hall, Stephanie, and Nordstrom341 have effected an analysis of the ABCD system of 255 and revealed the presence of two superimposed ABCD systems that give the molecule an element of symmetry. Chemical shifts conformed to electron densities calculated by Chia and Simmons (Section V,B,3).388 The same authors also studied the ABCD-... 

XYZ systems of 260 and 261 and found that the introduction of a methyl group perturbs the chemical shifts of the benzene ring protons some distance away. The transmission of this effect through many bonds led to the conclusion that these systems possessed aromatic character.341 The analysis of the ABCD system of 254b has also been performed by Hall.452... 

Argenziano, G., Fabbrocini, G., Carli, P, DeGiorgi, V., Sammarco, E. and Delfino, M. (1998) Epiluminescence microscopy for the diagnosis of doubtful melanocytic skin lesions. Comparison of the ABCD rule of dermatoscopy and a new 7-point checklist based on pattern analysis. Arch Dermatol 134, 1563-1570. 

Giles MF, Rothwell PM (2008). Systematic review and meta-analysis of validations of the ABCD and ABCD scores in prediction of stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack. Cerebrovascular Diseases, in press... 

The examples where a CFE 2 plan has been divided into two or four blocks are not explicit enough to develop the idea that the relations of the unification of blocks are selected randomly. In the next example, a CFE 2 plan is developed with the purpose being to show the procedures to select the unification relations of inter-blocks. In this plan, the actions showing a systematic influence will be divided into two blocks or into four blocks with, respectively, eight experiments or four experiments per block. We start this new analysis by building the CFE 2 plan. Table 5.64 contains this CFE 2 plan and also gives the division of the two blocks when we use the ABCD interaction as a unification relation. 

The safety and efficacy of amphotericin colloidal dispersion have been evaluated in 148 immunocompromised patients with candidemia (20). ABCD was given intravenously in a median daily dose of 3.9 (range 0.1-9.1) mg/kg for a median of 12 (range 1-72) days. In the safety analysis (n = 148 patients), nephrotoxicity occurred in 16% of the patients, with either doubling of the baseline serum creatinine concentration or an increase of 88 pmol/l (1.0 mg/dl) or a 50% fall in calculated creatinine clearance. Severe adverse events were believed to be probably or possibly related to ABCD in 36 patients (24%), including chills and fever (9.5%), hypotension and abnormal kidney function (4%), tachycardia, asthma, hypotension (3%), and dyspnea (2%). ABCD was withdrawn in 12%... 

Arithmetic analysis of four spin systems is very limited. First-order spectra (AX3, A2X2) provide no difficulty. Of the second-order spectra, however (AA XX, AA BB, ABXY, ABCX, ABCD, etc.), only the AA XX can be analyzed readily. This common pattern, which is second order only because of magnetic nonequivalence, is determined by six parameters vx, JaaS - xx Ax (= A xO and Ax (= A x)- that such a spectrum... 

Retrosynthetic analysis leads a new strategy in the synthesis of the ABC core using a Bradsher cycloaddition [83]. Cleavage of the resulting oxazolidinone ( Scheme 22) and a subsequent series of reactions gave a suitably substituted tricyclic core, which can be used in the synthesis of the pentacyclic skeleton ABCDE. 

One can also note that the putative overlapping code described in the problem would have a four-nucleotide stretch (e.g., ABCD) encoding a dipeptide. The maximum possible number of different dipeptides that could be encoded by four different nucleotides in this scenario would be only 4 = 256. However, the 20 amino acids can be used to make 20 = 400 different dipeptides, all of which are represented in known protein sequences. Therefore, this numerical analysis of naturally occurring dipeptide sequences also would argue against a completely overlapping triplet code. (See also Crick, Barnett, Brenner, Watts-Tobin. Nature 192 [1961] 1227-1232.)... 

An accurate analysis of the H- and C H -NMR spectra enabled us to specify the presence of 1- or 2-indanyl substitution in the hydrosilylation and hydroboration products without any doubt the 1-indanyl derivatives show no symmetry at all, resulting in 9 different C-NMR resonances. In the aliphatic part of the H-NMR spectra complicated patterns of ABCDE spin systems are expected. The 2-indanyl-substituted compounds, however, exhibit a mirror plane through the atom C2 and the centre of the benzene ring normal to the molecule plane. Therefore, the ring atoms show only 5 different C-NMR signals and the H-NMR spectra are simplified to [AB]2C spin systems in the aliphatic area by reason of symmetry. The representative examples la and 2a were discussed in detail (see below). 

After some experimentation, it can be determined that the basic factors are A, B, C, and D, while the dependent factor is E. The generator for this experiment can be written as E = ABCD. The complete defining relationship is then 1 = ABCDE. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that this is a A-fractional factorial experiment with a resolution of V, that is, 2y . It should be noted here that not all of the parameters can be estimated since they will be confounded with others. Without going into the details here, all of the zero-, first-, and second-order interactions are estimable. They will be confounded with various higher-order interactions. 

The viscoelastic parameters of the emulsion are derived from an analysis of the creep compliance-time curve ABCD. The total creep compliance J t) at any time t after the stress has been applied is given by... 

All living anionic polymers herein used were adjusted to be around 10 000 g/mol in M value. The two reaction steps, (1) and (2), were carried out in THE at —78 °C for 1 h and 10 min, respectively. The linking reaction and the regeneration of the DPE function in each iterative process were confirmed by SEC and H NMR analysis to be essentially quantitative. Therefore, the targeted polymers were always obtained in nearly 100% yields and isolated in >80% yields by fractional precipitation. The isolated polymers, that is, AB diblock, 3-arm ABC, 4-arm ABCD, and 5-arm ABCDE stars, exhibited sharp monomodal SEC peaks without shoulders and/or tailings. 

Studies of the combination of coating and ion implantation have been per-fonned with two kinds of Cr layers, both implanted with N ions. It has been shown that N implantation of both conventional and ABCD films results in an increase in the near-surface hardness of the Cr layers. The extent of this increase was greater for those films of both types that had been annealed at 400 C. AES depth profile analysis showed that the concentration of N in the implanted layer should not exceed 40 at.%. Implantation beyond that amount led to a broadening of the nitrogen profile. Analysis of film composition of the implanted Cr layers showed that the films consisted of Cr, C and N in the case... 

A similar analysis may be applied to the other three prisms of material with cross-sections ABE, CDG and ADH. Then, the stresses acting on the material contained in the section ABCD are shown in Fig. 2.5(c). Only equal shear stresses act on the surface of this section, giving a state of affairs known as a pure shear stress. There is no associated change in volume for small strains, only a change in shape. 

Figure 3 shows the results of the rigid body analysis. The slip path ABCD is elliptical and has maximum interference at point A. There is no contact possible along the path BCD because the surfaces are separated. It is noted that the displacements depend only on the orientation of the tooth with respect to its local pressure angle and of the instantaneous misalignment vector. Therefore, all teeth in the coupling experience the same displacement history as the shaft rotates under a constant misalignment. 

Following statistical analysis of the data by the appropriate program, the final step in this process (DIURPT) prepares paper reports as well as disk files of the analyzed data formatted for entry into the master data base. Two printed reports and one intermediate data file containing the data formatted for entry to ABCD are generated by DIURPT. 

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