Abbreviations note taking

Again we will take blood samples at intervals after dosing, measure plasma drug concentrations, and plot the results on a linear graph (Fig. 11). The first and obvious thing to note is that the plasma concentrations rise to a maximum at around 1 h, whereas, of course, the early plasma concentrations taken soon after the intravenous bolus were the highest. The time to reach the peak plasma concentration after an oral dose is often abbreviated to Tmax, and the concentration itself to Cmax - the maximum concentration achieved after that dose. 

A convenient shorthand representation of 1,2,4-triazoles illustrated by formally written examples and their abbreviated equivalents (Scheme 3) may help those taking notes but will not be used in this chapter. 

To calculate a numerical value of the logarithm on the right-hand side of Eq. (9.52), it is essential that the pressure be expressed in atmospheres. Then the ratio (p/1 atm) will be a pure number, and the operation of taking the logarithm is possible. (Note that it is not possible to take the logarithm of five oranges.) It is customary to abbreviate Eq. (9.52) to the simple form... 

As noted in the introduction to this chapter, the temperature needed for the solids to react fully can be lowered considerably if the diffusion distance for the reacting atoms is kept low by having them close to each other in the precursors. In the mixed salt (iron cobalt oxalate) that is the precursor for the corresponding spinel, the metal ions are already mixed on an atomic scale in the proper stoichiometric amounts and a complete decomposition of the oxalate (indicated with the abbreviation Ox) to the mixed oxide (the spinel) takes place at 700°C within 3 h ... 

In PSZ, the toughening is due to the transformation of the precipitates, which can take lenticular shapes. A common PSZ is Mg-PSZ, while the TZP s in use are Y-TZP and Ce-TZP. Also note that in TZP, transformation occurs within the grains (Fig. 8.68b), whereas in ZTA it occurs in the dispersed zirconia particles (Fig. 8.68c). Often the abbreviation DZC (i.e., dispersed zirconia ceramics) is applied to the stress-activated transformation in t-Zr02 particles dispersed in a ceramic matrix. In Fig. 8.68c, the ZTA is a commercially developed DZC system. The main objective of the fabrication of a transformation-toughened ceramic is the retention of t-Zr02, which transforms into m-Zr02 at or close to RT under the influence of an applied stress having a shear component. Control of the composition and thermal treatment are also important parameters in the fabrication of... 

The fact that there is a putative benefit to society from work with radiation (e.g., medicine, research, power generation, etc.) coupled with the desire to limit exposure to a minimum has given rise to the goal of limiting occupational radiation doses to quantities as low as readily achievable, which is abbreviated as ALARA. Note that this does not mean as low as possible, since the economic benefits of the use of radiation are considered as well as the individual risks. Therefore, in considering the permissible occupational dose, an attempt is made to limit the occupational dose to as low a level as is possible while also taking into account the social and economic benefits of any remaining dose. 

FIG U RE 11.1 Typical contour plot to abbreviate compounding data (Vistalon 3708/Ethylene-Propylene Terpolymer, Enjay Chemical Company, 1968). Note that a compound with 200 parts each of oil and filler per 100 parts of rubber by weight (phr) still has a strength of about 1000 psi (7 MPa), quite acceptable for many mechanical applications. The compound, based on a high-molecular-weight ethylene-propylene terpolymer, also contains 5 parts zinc oxide, 1 part stearic acid, 1.5 parts sulfur, 1.5 parts tetramethylthiuram disulfide, and 0.5 parts of benzothiazyl disulfide. Cross-linking takes place at 160°C for 20 min. SRF, Semi-reinforcing furnace. 

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