Abbreviations, Formulae, and Structures

Appendix Ligand Abbreviations, Formulae, and Structures (2.2.2) = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-l,10-diazabicyclo-[8.8.8]hexacosane 

DOTM A4 = 1,4,7,10 -tetraaza-1,4,7,10 -tetrakis-(carboxymethyl) cyclo do decane 

DTPA-BMA3 = l,4,7-tri(carboxymethyl)-l,7-bis[(N-methylcarba-moyl)methyl] -1,4,7-triazaheptane 

TPPS = meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphine TMPyP = meso-tetrakis(A/ methyl-4pyridyl)porphine TMPS = meso-tetrakis(sulfonatomesityl)porphine 

Diebler, H. Eigen, M. Ilgenfritz, G. Maas, G. Winkler, R. Pure Appl. Chem. 1969, 20, 93-115. 

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VII. Appendix Ligand Abbreviations, Formulae, and Structures References... 

You may use common abbreviations for organic groups in formulas and structures, but not in text. These (and only these) abbreviations need not be defined. 

You must be able to draw full structural formulae, abbreviated structural formulae and skeletal structural formulae and be able to interconvert them. 

Some Examples of Names, Structural Formulas, and Abbreviations Used... 

Structures determined by X-ray analysis. Ligand formulae and abbreviations ... 

Table 64 Bidentate Ligands Cited in Section 50.5.4.4 Structures, Formulas and Abbreviations Used in Table 65...

Direct probe analysis. The spectra of the methylated derivatives of fractions I-IV are shown in Figure 2 (a-d), together with abbreviated structured formulas and indications of some fragments (Refs. l-6 were consulted for comparison). Only fraction I gave ions indicative of the entire molecule at m/z 894 (M-l) and m/z 863 (M-32) for a monoglycosyl-ceramide containing Cj6>q fatty acid and Cjg.j long chain base. 

Table 19. Structural formulas and abbreviations of the polymers and their related models...

Chemical (abbreviation) [use, metabolites etc.] Chemical structure Molecular formula and molecular mass [gmoH] RBA log Kqw Bioconcentration factor (BCF) in fish ... 

Table 19. Trivial name, chemical name, abbreviation, CAS No., chemical structure, molecular formula, and molecular mass of Sunscreen Agents (SSA) which were identified and quantified in fish and/or human... 

Chemical Information. Such information as the unique structure (if available), CAS and RTECs number (if available), common abbreviations, the formula and the molecular weight of the product can be found in this section. 

Learning Goal Heterocycllc amines are cyclic compounds that have at least one nitrogen atom in the ring structure. The structures and common names of several heterocyclic amines important in nature are shown here. They are represented by their structural formulas and by abbreviated line formulas. 

Naturally Occurring Amino Acids, Their Abbreviations, and Structural Formulas... 

Write a complete structural formula and an abbreviated formula for the tripeptide formed from aspartate, cysteine, and valine in which the C-terminal residue is cysteine and the N-terminal residue is valine. 

We can write structural formulas for alkanes in still another abbreviated form. The structural formula of pentane, for example, contains three CHg (methylene) groups in the middle of the chain. We can collect these groups together and write the structural formula as CH3(CH2)sCH3. Table 3.1 gives the names and molecular formulas of the first 20 alkanes. Note that the names of all these alkanes end in -ane. We will have more to say about naming alkanes in Section 3.3. 

Table 18.1 gives common names, structural formulas, and standard three-letter and one-letter abbreviations for the 20 common L-amino acids found in proteins. The amino acids shown are divided into four categories those with nonpolar side chains those with polar, but un-ionized, side chains those with acidic side chains and those with basic side chains. As you study the information in this table, note the following points ... 

List the compositions, abbreviations, and structural formulas of the most common nucleotides in RNA. 

To save space, structural formulas are conveniently abbreviated as omdensed structural formulas such as CH3CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)CH2CH3 for 3-ethyl-2-methylpen-tane, where the CH3 (methyl) and C Hs (ethyl) groups are placed in parentheses to show that they are branches attached to the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms, which contains 5 carbon atoms. It is understood that each of the methyl and ethyl groups is attached to the carbon immediately preceding it in the condensed structural formula (methyl attached to the second carbon atom, ethyl to the third). 

Although informative, the structural formula is time-consuming to draw. Therefore, chemists have devised ways to simplify the representation. Figure 16.3(b) is an abbreviated version, and the structure shown in Figure 16.3(c) is called the skeletal structure in which all the C and H letters are omitted. A carbon atom is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines (bond) and at the end of each line. Because every C atom forms four bonds, we can always deduce the number of H atoms bonded to any C atom. The element symbols for substituent atoms in the skeletal structure are always shown explicitly, such as in l-bromo-3-chlorobutane [C4H8BrCl] ... 

Using parentheses and subscripts, provide an even more abbreviated formula for each structural formula. 

The hydration of an alkene can be accomplished by treating it with mercury(II) acetate (mercuric acetate) in water followed by reduction of the resulting organomer-cury compound with sodium borohydride, NaBH. In the following structural formulas for mercury(II) acetate, the acetate group is written in full in the first formula and abbreviated as AcO in the other formulas. 

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