A.S.T.M. distillation

Geddes, R.L. Computation of petroleum fractionation—estimation of A.S.T.M. distillation curves from true boiling-point distillation analyses. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941, 33, 795-801. 

The simple distillation curve is the temperature as a function of the per cent distilled in a simple or Rayleigh type of distillation. This type of distillation is approximated by the laboratory A.S.T.M. distillation which is widely used to characterize petroleum fractions. The A.S.T.M. procedure gives some reflux and rectification, and the results are not exactly equal to the simple batch distillation, although the difference is not large. The temperature normally measured is the condensation temperature of the vapor flowing from the still to the condenser. Curve A of Fig. 11-1 is typical for the simple distillation of a complex mixture. The temperature at any point is the averaged result of a large number of components and includes all the effects of nonideality in the solutions. Thus in most cases it is impossible to relate such a curve to the volatility of the individual components involved. As a result, such simple distillation curves are not of much direct value for the solution of rectification problems. 

Typical trimer has an A.S.T.M. Engler distillation range of 260° to 300°F. It is not normally made when high yields of tetramer are required because such severe operating conditions lower the bromine number of the trimer. 

Mineral Spirits, Petroleum spirits white spirits turpentine substitutes. Name applied to various types of hydrocarbon solvents, primarily petroleum distillates, which have flash points above- lOO F (38°C) and distillation ranges between 300°F (149°C) and 415°F (213 C). See A.S.T.M-Standard Specifications D 235-83, 71-73 (1983). 

Jayatilake, A., Poole, S.K., Poole, C.F. and Chichila, T.M.P. (1995) Simultaneous microsteam distillation -solvent-extraction for the isolation of semivolatile flavour compounds from Cinnamomum and their separation by series coupled-column gas chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta 30, 147-162. 

When Q was heated strongly with soda lime a liquid S of b.p. 135-7° distilled. Vigorous oxidation by KMn04 converted S into T, m.p. 121-2°, neutralization equivalent 123 2. 

Lewis, S.C., R.W. King, S.T. Cragg, and D.W. Hillman. 1984. Skin carcinogenic potential of petroleum hydrocarbons Crude oil, distillate fractions and chemical class subfractions. Pp 139-150 in Advances inModern Environmental Toxicology, Vol. 6. Applied Toxicology of Petroleum Hydrocarbons, H.N. MacFarland, C.E. Holdworth, J.A. MacGregor, R.W. Call, and M.L. Lane, eds. Princeton, NJ Princeton Scientific Publishers. 

Triethoxysilane and a 1,0 M soln. of HgPtGlg in abs. isopropanol added drop-wise and simultaneously at 90-125° to pseudoionone, and heating continued 15 min. at 120-125° 2-(6,lO-dimethyl-2,5,9-undecatrienoxy) triethoxysilane (Y 78.5%) dissolved in ethanol containing coned. HGl, allowed to stand 17 hrs. at 18-20°, then the solvent distilled off in vacuo frans-geranylacetone (Y 77.8%). Also without isolation of the intermediate s. E. I. Kozlov, M. T. Yano-tovskii, and G. I. Samokhvalov, 34, 2748 (1964) G. A. 61, 14716d. 

Nurgel, C. Erten, H. Canbas, A. Cabaroglu, T. Selli, S. (2003). Fermentative aroma in wines from Vitis vinifera cv. Kalecik karasi in relation with inoculation with selected dry yeasts. Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin 37,155-161 Nykanen, L. (1986). Formation and occurrence of flavor compounds in wine and distilled alcoholic beverages. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 37 (1), 84-96 Oliveira, J.M. Araujo, I.M. Pereira, O.M. Maia, J.S. Amaral, A.J. Maia, M.O. (2004). 

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