Engler distillation

Figures 1 and 2 show the Engler boiling point characteristics at 1 mm. of mercury of the two oils and their fractions. A summary of the boiling point data is presented in Table II. These data were obtained in a specially designed vacuum Engler distillation apparatus at pressures ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 mm. of mercury all values were extrapolated to 1 mm. by means of a Brown-Coats chart (I).

End Point—The temperature at which the last portion of oil has been vaporized in ASTM or Engler distillation. Also called the final boiling point. 

Measurement of the Viscosity.—This can be carried out either on the solution prepared in the cold or on that prepared in the hot. In the former case, 100 grams of the dextrin are shaken with 500 c.c. of distilled water at 17-5° until the whole of the soluble part has dissolved, the liquid being filtered through a dry filter and the filtrate tested in the Engler viscometer (see Vo I, p. 352). In the second case, the solution is prepared in the hot and the viscosity measured when cold. The value obtained is compared with that given by a standard dextrin under the same conditions. 

Engler distillation a standard test for determining the volatility characteristics of a gasoline by measuring the percent distilled at various specified temperatures. 

Typical trimer has an A.S.T.M. Engler distillation range of 260° to 300°F. It is not normally made when high yields of tetramer are required because such severe operating conditions lower the bromine number of the trimer. 

Fractionation. Both Engler and Redwood refer to early attempts by certain investigators to separate the hydrocarbon constituents of various crude oils by fractional distillation. Reichenback (1830) (187) and Laurent (1837) (91) seem to have been the first on record to make such attempts. They were only partially successful, according to Redwood (148)-... 

Charitschkoff was apparently the first to fractionate petroleum with solvents at lower temperatures in order to obtain the higher boiling fractions as they exist in the crude. This was done to avoid the cracking incidental to distillation. This procedure, the solvents used, and the nature of the fractions obtained, as well as the literature references to this work appear on page 229 of Engler s Das Erdol (4 ). 

Distillation diagrams of a solvent mixture a = Engler distillation,... 

For laboratory distillation ordinary standardized, round-bottomed flasks provided with ground joints are used. They may have short or long necks and nominal capacities up to 500 ml. The Engler (Fig. 235) and Saybolt flasks (TGL 0-12363) are examples of special devices designed for standardized distUlation techniques. In addition, a distilling flask with capacities from 25 to 1000 ml (TGL 0-12364) has been standardized (Fig. 313). 

The numbers in the third column are the percentages by weight of the first 8% of an Engler distillation of the mixtures in the first column with or without the entrainer in the second column. 

Evaporation of the distillation bitumens and their colloidal components first starts at temperatures 200 °C (71 %) or 259 °C (75 %). Since thin-layer evaporation takes place in the thermobalance, and the evaporated parts of the sample are immediately removed by the gas flow, these temperatures are lower than the real start temperatures of an equilibrium evaporation (for example distillation according to Engler DIN 51 751 or ASTM D 285-62). The corresponding start temperatures for an equilibrium evaporation should be more than 400 °C. The evaporation start temperatures for bitumen, dispersion medium, and petroleum resins are lower in the case of blown bitumens, influenced by the flux oils which are added in order to facilitate the blowing process. Some of the index numbers of the thermogravimetry may be correlated with consistency data, and with analysis data (see chapters 4.3.2.1.1 and 4.3.2.1.2). Other values show only a small... 

---