Zirconium-titanium alloys

It should be noted that swarf from a zirconium-titanium alloy containing approximately 50% by weight of each element is prone to pyrophoricity in air. It has also been reported that when zirconium is welded to titanium, the welded zone is much more sensitive to corrosion than either of the parent metals. If, therefore, it is proposed to use my construction in which zirconium is welded to titanium, caution should be observed in the machining of welds, and the corrosion behaviour of the weld should be checked by prior testing in the environment with which the construction will be employed. 

The abihty of magnesium metal to reduce oxides of other metals can be exploited to produce metals such as zirconium, titanium [7440-32-6] and uranium [7440-61-1] (see ZiRCONiUMAND ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS Titaniumand titanium alloys Uraniumand uranium compounds). These reactions are... 

Chlorination. In some instances, the extraction of a pure metal is more easily achieved from the chloride than from the oxide. Oxide ores and concentrates react at high temperature with chlorine gas to produce volatile chlorides of the metal. This reaction can be used for common nonferrous metals, but it is particularly useful for refractory metals like titanium (see Titanium and titanium alloys) and 2irconium (see Zirconium and zirconium compounds), and for reactive metals like aluminum. 

Phase Transformations in Titanium- and Zirconium-Based Alloys... 

Niobium-Zirconium-Titanium Niobium alloys containing zirconium and titanium have improved resistance to high-temperature water and have been evaluated for use in pressurised-water nuclear reactors. 

Zirconium alloys have been much less thoroughly studied than titanium alloys. The main application of interest has been for nuclear reactor components where good corrosion resistance combined with a low neutron capture cross-section has been required. Corrosion fatigue crack growth in these alloys in high temperature (260-290°C) aqueous environments typical of... 

Gettering. Gettering materials, such as zirconium or titanium alloys, are heated to 400°C. At that temperature, they react with the impurities in the gas stream such as O2, H2O, N2, H2, CO, CO2, and hydrocarbons. Total impurities can be reduced to <100 ppb. 

Dusts of magnesium, zirconium, titanium and some magnesium-aluminium alloys [1], and (when heated) of aluminium, chromium and manganese [2], when suspended in carbon dioxide atmospheres are ignitable and explosive, and several bulk metals will bum in the gas. 

Individually indexed alloys or intermetallic compounds are Aluminium amalgam, 0051 Aluminium-copper-zinc alloy, 0050 Aluminium-lanthanum-nickel alloy, 0080 Aluminium-lithium alloy, 0052 Aluminium-magnesium alloy, 0053 Aluminium-nickel alloys, 0055 Aluminium-titanium alloys, 0056 Copper-zinc alloys, 4268 Ferromanganese, 4389 Ferrotitanium, 4391 Lanthanum-nickel alloy, 4678 Lead-tin alloys, 4883 Lead-zirconium alloys, 4884 Lithium-magnesium alloy, 4681 Lithium-tin alloys, 4682 Plutonium bismuthide, 0231 Potassium antimonide, 4673 Potassium-sodium alloy, 4646 Silicon-zirconium alloys, 4910... 

Non-equilibrium Processing of Materials edited by C. Suryanarayana Phase Transformations in Titanium- and Zirconium-based Alloys... 

Nobium also is added to nickel- and cobalt-based superaUoys and is a component of zirconium, titanium and tungsten alloys. 

Yttrium also finds application in titanium alloys where at concentrations of the order of 200 ppm it improves the ductility and ease of fabrication of vacuum arc-melted alloys. It is also used to improve the strength of magnesium castings and when used in combination with zirconium, as little as 100 ppm yttrium increases the conductivity of aluminium transmission lines by as much as 50%. 

Many kinds of artificial hip joints are available commercially, but they all consist of the same parts, i.e. a metal stem or shaft, usually made of a titanium alloy and a ceramic head of aluminium or zirconium oxide. The production of the ceramic head starts with a powder and ends with the sintering process. The heat treatment will cause the head to shrink. After production, the head is thoroughly tested, e.g. on its spherical shape and surface roughness. 

More recently magnesium-base, iron-base, and zirconium-titanium-base alloys have been developed that do not require such rapid cooling. In 1992, W. L. Johnson and co-workers developed the first commercial alloy available in bulk form Vitreloy 1, which contains 41.2 a/o Zr, 13.8 a/o Ti, 12.5 a/o Cu, 10 a/o Ni, and 22.5 a/o Be. The critical cooling rate for this alloy is about 1 K/s so glassy parts can be made with dimensions of several centimeters. Its properties are given in Table 15.3. 

Only rare-earth system (AB5-type) and zirconium-titanium-vanadium system (AB2 Laves phase-type) hydrogen storage alloys have been used as negative electrode materials for the commercial production of Ni-MH batteries [3, 7, 8], However, these materials have a low hydrogen storage capacity resulting in a low electrode energy density. 

Materials such as metals, alloys, steels and plastics form the theme of the fourth chapter. The behavior and use of cast irons, low alloy carbon steels and their application in atmospheric corrosion, fresh waters, seawater and soils are presented. This is followed by a discussion of stainless steels, martensitic steels and duplex steels and their behavior in various media. Aluminum and its alloys and their corrosion behavior in acids, fresh water, seawater, outdoor atmospheres and soils, copper and its alloys and their corrosion resistance in various media, nickel and its alloys and their corrosion behavior in various industrial environments, titanium and its alloys and their performance in various chemical environments, cobalt alloys and their applications, corrosion behavior of lead and its alloys, magnesium and its alloys together with their corrosion behavior, zinc and its alloys, along with their corrosion behavior, zirconium, its alloys and their corrosion behavior, tin and tin plate with their applications in atmospheric corrosion are discussed. The final part of the chapter concerns refractories and ceramics and polymeric materials and their application in various corrosive media. 

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