Zirconium coupling agents

It is worth noting at the start of this paper that a literature search revealed that Dr. Plueddemann had worked with zirconium compounds in the past, albeit using silane coupling agents for zirconium silicate minerals [2], rather than zirconium coupling agents in their own right. 

Figure 6. Mode of action for zirconium coupling agents and oxygenated substrates.

Yuru Chen. The application of aluminum zirconium coupling agent. Plastics Industry, 29(6) 44-46, 2001. 

Various inorganic esters have been claimed as coupling agents for reinforced plastics, including aminobenzyl phosphonates, dicetylisopropylborate, alkoxy compounds of aluminum, zirconium and titanium, zircoaluminates, and numerous substituted titanates [1]. These metal alkoxides could function in a similar manner to the orthosilicates by reacting with hydroxylated substrates. Like the simple orthosilicates such as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), it is less evident how an-... 

Zirconium based coupling agents and adhesion promoters... 

The coupling agents which have been most extensively used are various organo-silicon compounds, although several other types of compound of quite different chemistry, including zirconium and titanium comlexes [1], have also been used. It is with silane materials that we are concerned here. 

Keywords Zirconium compounds coupling agents adhesion promoters. 

In this section, the use of zirconium-based coupling agents is reviewed and, where possible, their industrial applications are noted. 

There are several other manufacturers who supply zirconium octanoates as paint drier additives. These are not normally used as adhesion promoters or coupling agents. 

Fundamental studies on zirconium-based coupling agents... 

Published work on the use of zirconium compounds as coupling agents/adhesion promoters is limited. In this section, the work of major researchers in the field will be described followed by a more in-depth review of the use of zirconium compounds in the ink industry. 

Miedaner [11] in several patents has disclosed that zirconium and titanium complexes of orthofunctional aromatic compounds (monomeric or polymeric) could be used as coupling agents for phenolic or resorcinol resins and glass. 

Overall, there has not been a great deal of detailed published work on zirconium adhesion promoters or coupling agents. It is known that they will react with various metal, metal oxide, and oxidized plastic surfaces, and given a... 

Zirconates Zirconate coupling agents have very similar structure to the titanates. They also perform similar functions. Zirconium compounds exist in both water and organic solvent soluble forms. Like the titanates, zirconate coupling agents are useful in improving the dispersion characteristics of fillers in polymer systems. Examples of zirconate coupling... 

Capow [Kenrich], TM for a series of powdered forms of coupling agents based on titanium, zirconium, or aluminum. 

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