Zirconia glasses

Fig. 2. RepHca electron micrograph of the fracture surface of enstatite—P-spodumene—zirconia glass-ceramic, showing twinning in the enstatite grains...

The membrane material varies from alumina, zirconia, glass, titania, cordierite, mulUte, carbon to such metals as stainless steel, palladium and silver. The resulting pore diameter ranges from 10pm down to4 nm and the membrane thickness varies from 3 to 10 pm. The membrane porosity depends on the pore size and is 40-55%. 

Epoxy resin reinforced with 60 vol.% zirconia glass fibers 2004 45 1426 ... 

Zelner M., Minti H., Reisfeld R., Cohen H., Tenne R. Preparation and characterization of CdS films synthesized in situ in zirconia sol-gel matrix. Chem. Mater. 1997 9 2541-2543 Zevin M., Reisfeld R. Preparation and properties of active waveguides based on zirconia glasses. Opt. Mater. 1997 8 37-41... 

Zevin, M. and Reisfeld, R. (1997) Preparation and properties of active waveguides based on zirconia glasses. 

Other important matrices for the incorporation of the complexes are zirconia glasses as described in Ref. [53]. It has been shown that organic complexes of rare earths doped in zirconia and zirconia-GLYMO had much higher fluorescence compared with pure inorganic matrices. 

Zirconia glasses were chosen because of their photo- and mechanical stability. 

Reisfeld, R Legendziewicz, J., Puchalska, M and Saraidarov, T. (2004) Spectroscopic properties and luminescence enhancement of lanthanide mixed complexes Lnp3L in zirconia glasses. Opt Mater, 26,191-198. 

Zifkon, n, zirconium zircon, -brenner, m, zirconium (incandescent) filament, -erde, /, zirconia, zirconium oxide. -glas, n. zir conium glass. 

Using present ideas of glass structure, frits can be formulated to have maximum durability. Zirconia enamels have a lower than optimum acid resistance, but titania enamels have superior durability at low pH values. Encouraging crystallisation in the enamel enhances mechanical strength and therefore chemical resistance by reducing the incidence of damage sites which act as foci for attack. The addition of an extra (clear) coat on to the top most coat of enamel gives superior chemical resistance". 

Wilson, N. G., McCreedy, T., On-chip catalysis using a lithographically fabricated glass microreactor - the dehydration of alcohols using sulfated zirconia,... 

Other types of refractory that find use are forsterite, zirconia, and zircon. Acid-resisting bricks consisting of a dense body like stoneware are used for lining tanks and conduits in the chemical industry. Carbon blocks are used as linings for the crucibles of blast furnaces, very extensively in a number of countries and to a limited extent in the United States. Fusion-cast bricks of mullite or alumina are largely used to line glass tanks. 

Membranes UF membranes consist primarily of polymeric structures (polyethersulfone, regenerated cellulose, polysulfone, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, or various fluoropolymers) formed by immersion casting on a web or as a composite on a MF membrane. Hydrophobic polymers are surface-modified to render them hydrophilic and thereby reduce fouling, reduce product losses, and increase flux [Cabasso in Vltrafiltration Membranes and Applications, Cooper (ed.). Plenum Press, New York, 1980]. Some inorganic UF membranes (alumina, glass, zirconia) are available but only find use in corrosive applications due to their high cost. 

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