Waveguides, active

The radiative lifetime can be estimated by the Judd-Ofelt model, or by a direct measurement of the lifetime in a host activated by very low rare earth ion concentrations, in order to avoid ion-ion interactions, as described above for the 70Si02-30Hf02 planar waveguide activated by 0.01 mol% Er +. An exhaustive explanation of the Judd-Ofelt model and its use in optical spectroscopy is given by Warland (1998). 

D. Kuppers and H. Lydtin, Preparation of Optica/ Waveguides with the Aid ofP/asma Activated Chemica/ Vapor Deposition atEow Pressures in Topics in Current Chemist, Vol. 89, Springer-Vedag, Berlin, 1980, pp. 108—130. 

Fig. 11. Schematic diagram illustrating the preparation sequence of an InGaAsP/InP-based buried heterostmcture laser, (a) The active and waveguide...

One-shot techniques, 216, 217, 236-237 Optical fiber waveguide, 271-272 Optically active poly(arylene), synthesis of, 518-519... 

Kuppers, D., and Lydtin, H. Preparation of Optical Waveguides with the Aid of Plasma-Activated Chemical Vapour Deposition at Low Pressures. 89, 107-131 (1980). 

Several methods can be used for waveguide fabrication in LiNbOs. Among them, titanium in-diffusion and proton exchange (PE) are the most popular ones since they lead to the formation of well-confined and low-loss layers. PE is mainly applied because it results in a considerable decrease of the photorefractive effect in LiNbOj. However, waveguides obtained by pure PE have reduced EO and NL coefficients and usually a post exchange aimealing (APE) is required for restoration of the EO activity. 

Abstract A new dif active device for light coupling between a planar optical waveguide... 

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