Zinc phosphide, toxicity

Zinc cyanide Zinc phosphide, when present at concentrations >10% Listing as toxic waste Zinc phosphide, when present at concentrations 10% Listing as a hazardous waste constituent Zinc cyanide Zinc phosphide Toxic chemical release report ng... 

Zinc phosphide — a rodenticide — is relatively toxic when compared to elemental zinc or zinc oxide most of the biocidal action is attributed to the phosphide fraction. Acute oral LD50s for zinc... 

Moran, S. 1991. Toxicity of sodium fluoroacetate and zinc phosphide wheat grain baits to Microtus guentheri and Meriones tristrami. Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 21 73-80. 

Shivanandappa, T., Ramesh, H.P., and Krishnakumari, M.K. Rodenticidal poisoning of non-target animals acute oral toxicity of zinc phosphide to poultry, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 23(4/5) 452-455, 1979. 

Rodenticides are a broad class of chemicals designed to kill mammals, particularly rats and mice. Compounds that inhibit blood clotting, anticoagulants, are commonly used to control rat populations. One of the first was warfarin, which is related to the plant-derived coumadin (from spoiled sweet clover). In the 1950s rats developed resistance to warfarin, which prompted the development of more potent anticoagulants. Other rodenticides include fluoroacetic acid and zinc phosphide (very toxic) and thiourea-based compounds. The primary alternative to using rodenticides is trapping. 

Srivastava AS, Tripathi RS, Pandya RC, et al. 1971. Investigations on the toxicity of barium carbonate and zinc phosphide to field rats. In Perti SL, Wal YC, Srivastava CP, eds. International symposium on bionomics and control of rodents. Proceedings and recommendations of the symposium. Kanpur, India Science and Technology Society, 80-83. 

Pesticide toxicity is common in humans as well as in animals. The common pesticides that cause nephrotoxicity include paraquat, diquat, and zinc phosphide. 

Bai and Majumder investigated the optimum concentration of 15 that could be incorporated in rodenticidal baits (zinc phosphide), which will not affect the toxicity or palatability of the baits, but which will induce vomiting when it is ingested accidently by the nontarget species. The experimental results are as follows Zinc phosphide alone at 1.0% resulted in 100% mortality of test rats within 18 hours of feeding. Although the... 

Classic exterminators of field rodents are zinc phosphide (ZnjPj) and calcium phosphide (CUjPj), dark grey powders with the smell of rotting fish. These compounds are insoluble in water but, by the action of water, hydrogen phosphide, phosphine (HjP), is formed, and this exerts the toxic action in the stomachs of rodents (Chefurka et al., 1976). 

An abnormal odor (e.g., phosphine odor fiom zinc phosphide or garlic odor from arsenic or selenium) may lead to identification of the toxicant... 

PH3 is generated in situ by the action of moisture on Mg or A1 phosphide. In many countries, zinc phosphide is used as a rodentidde. It is usually mixed with some form of bait. Since Zn3P2 is hydrolysed only in addic conditions, it decomposes to PH3 only in the gut. The gas is toxic to insects, mites and all vertebrates including humans ... 

The effect of the rice volatiles additive on toxic bait consumption was then evaluated (110). Two groups of rats were given a choice between either 0.2 zinc phophide treated rice and untreated rice, or 0.2% zinc phosphide treated rice with the rice volatiles added and untreated rice. This latter group showed almost double the toxic rice bait consumption and a mortality of... 

Class 4.3 materials are dangerous when wet. The DOT definition is a material that, by contact with water, is liable to become flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram of the material per hour. Examples of water-reactive materials include zinc powder, trichlorosilane, sodium phosphide. 

Phosphorus trifluoride, PF3, is a colourless gas, odourless in toxic concentrations, which bums in air in the presence of nitric oxide as a catalyst. It is best made by fluorination of the chloride with arsenic or zinc fluorides, or potassium fluoride dissolved in liquid SO2. It may also be made by the action of HF on red phosphorus at elevated tanperatures (4.201), or by reacting copper phosphide with lead fluoride (4.202). 

Write the chemical formula for each substance mentioned in the following word descriptions (use the front inside cover to find the s5mbols for the elements you don t know), (a) Zinc carbonate can be heated to form zinc oxide and carbon dioxide, (b) On treatment with hydrofluoric acid, silicon dioxide forms silicon tetrafluoride and water, (c) Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form sulfurous acid, (d) The substance hydrogen phosphide, commonly called phosphine, is a toxic gas. (e) Perchloric add reacts with cadmium to form cadmium(II) perchlorate. (f) Vanadium(in) bromide is a colored solid. 

---