Z-Trim

A third fat substitute, Z-Trim, has been developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Originally called Oat-Trim, it is made from agricultural... 

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Several products containing Olestra, Oatrim, and Z-Trim. 

Z Trim Com fiber Zero calraie fat replacer US Department of Agriculture... 

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Fig. 1. Pulse sequences of ID selective experiments. The shaped 90° pulses were half-Gaussian. The 180° selective pulses were produced by a DANTE-Z pulse train [44]. T denotes the trim pulse of phase ip. tnoe stands for the NOE-mixing time.

An amide of the Z configuration is ordinarily referred to as trims in protein chemistry because the main chain atoms are trans. 

FIGURE 3. Graphic displays of the cis and trims conformations of 9-benzyladenine (a) and variation of the potential energy of the azaheterocycle as a function of the torsion angles Z and r2 (b). Contours are shown at intervals of 1 kcalmol-1 with the lowest energy level (—17.6 kcal mol 1) indicated by the symbol (x). (Data taken from Ref. 148, with permission)... 

Many tricks have been applied (trim pulses, z filters, gradients, etc.) to remove these antiphase terms, leaving only the pure phase Ia and Ib terms (Fig. 9.43, right). For example, a z filter is a 90 — A — 90° sequence that puts the desired magnetization on the z axis and then allows a bit of evolution to occur for the undesired terms ... 

These coils produce fields of 1.7 and 1.5 Tesla respectively. The 8-field minimum may be adjusted between 8-0 to B —IT with a trim coil incorporated at z —0. 

Fig. 38. Caustic purification system, a, 50% caustic feed tank b, 50% caustic feed pumps c, caustic feed preheater d, amonia feedpumps e, ammonia feed preheater f, extractor g, trim heater h, ammonia subcooler i, stripper condenser j, anhydrous ammonia storage tank k, primary flash tank 1, evaporator reboiler, m, evaporator n, caustic product transfer pumps o, purified caustic product cooler p, purified caustic storage tank q, ammonia stripper r, purified caustic transfer pumps t, overheads condenser u, evaporator v, evaporator vacuum pump w, aqueous storage ammonia tank x, ammonia scrubber y, scrubber condenser z, ammonia recirculating pump aa, ammonia recycle pump. CW stands for chilled water.

In addition to the selected magnetization component (e.g., 7 ), several terms in the density operator survive the application of trim pulses (or z filters). For example, if a trim pulse is applied along the x axis of the rotating frame, all terms of the density operator that commute with remain unaffected, that is, in addition to the in-phase operators and (x magnetization), antiphase combinations like (lyS - I Sy) or (I SyTy + also survive the trim pulses. In the effective field frame, these terms represent operators with coherence order p = 0. Modified z filters and spin-lock pulses that are able to suppress these zero-quantum-type terms will be discussed in Section XII.B. 

Fig. 17.7. Separation of mixtures of Z-L-Ala-L-Ala-OMe and Z-o-Ala-o-Ala-OMe on a poly(methacrylic acid-co-TRIM) CSP (4.6 x 250 mm column) imprinted with Z-L-Ala-i-Ala-OMe. (a) 100 /

TTie TOCSY sequence (ii) [85], supplemented with trim pulses and z-filter [24],... 

Figure 5.68. Two practical schemes for implementing TOCSY based on (a) the MLEV-17 mixing scheme and (b) the DIPST2 isotropic mixing scheme. The MLEV sequence is bracketed by short, continuous-wave, spin-lock trim pulses (SL) to provide pure-phase data. In scheme (b) this can be achieved by phase-cycling the 90° z-filter pulses that surround the mixing scheme. This demands the independent inversion of each bracketing 90° pulse with coincident receiver inversion, thus (p =x, —X, X, —x (j) = X, X, —X, —X and (j)r = x, —X, —X, X. The S periods allow for the necessary power switching.

In addition to the desired dependence on AC, it has a matching-dependent offset and gain that depends on parasitics. Any deviation of the reference capacitor Cref from the nominal value of the sense capacitance Cs appears as offset. Since in many applications AC is much smaller than C0, this offset often exceeds the signal. Offset cancellation should therefore occur early to minimize the dynamic range of the readout electronics. Care should also be taken for the trimming not to introduce a poor temperature coefficient. One solution fabricates the reference with the same process and in close proximity to the sense capacitor. The z axis accelerometer shown in Fig. 6.1.3 [7] utilizes two rnicromachined structures for the sense and reference. The suspension of the reference structure has been made intentionally stiff. 

In Check it 5.4.2.1 the ID selective COSY, ID selective relayed COSY without and with z-filter and a ID selective TOCSY spectrum are simulated for the same spin system and the results compared. As already mentioned the spinlock for isotropic mixing can be generated in different ways and this has lead to the development of improvements and elements being added to the spinlock sequence. Of these improvements the trim pulse and z-filter, adapted to the spinlock sequence [5.154], are the most popular. 

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