Ytterbium luminescence

Ytterbium luminescence has also been seen for a nonametallic cluster assembled from hexylsalicylate (hesa) and with overall formula H i o Yb<)(hcsa) i e (/x-0)i o (NO3). The cluster has two fused square-pyramidal pentametallic units assembled via an apical metal ion. The two square pyramids are twisted 45° and the cluster core is stabilized by hydroxide bridges. The luminescence decay of the Ybm cluster is bi-exponential, with lifetimes of 0.2 and 0.6 ps, reflecting the two types of cations (Manseki et al., 2006). 

Faulkner, S. and Pope, S.J.A. (2003) Lanthanide-sensitized lanthanide luminescence terbium-sensitized ytterbium luminescence in a trinuclear complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125, 10526. 

Faulkner S., S. J. A. Pope, Lanthanide-sensitised lanthanide luminescence Terbium-sensitised ytterbium luminescence in a trinuclear complex. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 10526—10527 (2003). 

Lanthanide label kits are commercially available and will become more and more widely used as the nature of the visibly luminescent europium (red) and terbium (green) complexes utilized is optimized. Significant growth can also be expected in the development of lanthanide labels based on neodymium and ytterbium as their luminescence in the NIR, whilst of shorter lifetimes and requiring specialist detection equipment, is at a wavelength where tissue is optimally transparent, making in vivo uses a distinct possibility. 

Beeby, A. Clarkson, I. M. Dickins, R. S. Faulkner, S. Parker, D. Royle, L. de Sousa, A. S. Williams, J. A. G. Woods, M. Non-radiative deactivation of the excited states of europium, terbium and ytterbium complexes by proximate energy-matched OH, NH and CH oscillators an improved luminescence method for establishing solution hydration states. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1999, (3), 493-503. 

At the end of the 1950 s, Crosby and Kasha reported the rather exceptional case of near-infrared luminescence of trivalent ytterbium ion in an 1 3 (Ln L) chelate occurring after intramolecular energy transfer between the organic ligand, in this case dbm (48b), and the lan-... 

X 109 and 8. 9 x 109 s 1 for Ndm and Ybm, respectively. Both the above-described in-termolecular mechanism, as well as an intramolecular pathway in the ternary complex with aad which forms in solution, are responsible for the observation of NIR luminescence in these systems. Addition of water to the toluene solutions quenches the NIR luminescence, while it enhances the visible CL emission of the corresponding solution of Eum and Tbm (Voloshin et al., 2000c). Neodymium and ytterbium tris(benzoyltrifluoroacetonates) display the same CL as tta complexes, although for Ybm its intensity is about 2.5 times lower than for the tta chelate. On the other hand, almost no CL is detected for acetylacetonate complexes (Voloshin et al., 2000a). Thermal or photochemical decomposition of aad also triggers CL from [Pr(dpm)3] and Pr(fod)3], both in the visible (from the 3Pi, 3Po, and 1D2 levels) and in the NIR at 850 nm ( Do -> 3F2 transition) and 1100 nm ( D2 3F4 transition). The excited... 

Functionalized organic dyes with polyaminocarboxylate have been widely utilized as feasible sensitizers to afford visible region excitation for sensitization of NIR lanthanide luminescence [36 5]. Verhoeven and coworkers [36, 37] first prepared a series of neodymium(III), erbium(III), and ytterbium(III) complexes with polyaminocarboxylate-functionalized fluorescein (21) and eosin (22) as sensitizing chromophores. These complexes show sensitized NIR... 

Werts, M.H.V, Hofstraat, J.W., Geurts, F.A.J., and Verhoeven, J.W. (1997) Huorescein and eosin as sensitizing chromophores in near-infrared luminescent ytterbium(lll), neodymium(lll) and erbium(lll) chelates. Chemical Physics Letters, 276, 196. 

Beeby, A., Burton-Rye, B.P., Faulkner, S., et al. (2002) Synthesis and near-lR luminescence properties of neodymium(III) and ytterbium(III) complexes with poly(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1923. 

Faulkner, S., Carrie, M.-C., Pope, S.J.A., etal. (2004) Pyrene-sensitised near-lR luminescence from ytterbium and neodymium complexes. Dalton Transactions, 1405. 

Pope, S.J.A., Kenwright, A.M., Heath, S.L., and Faulkner, S. (2003) Synthesis and luminescence properties of a kinetically stable dinuclear ytterbium complex with differentiated binding sites. Chemical Communications, 1550. 

Song, L., Wang, Q., Tang, D., etal. (2007) Crystal structure and near-infrared luminescence properties of novel binuclear erbium and erbium-ytterbium cocrystalline complexes. New Journal of Chemistry, 31, 506. 

Van Deun et al. were the first to observe near-infrared luminescence from lanthanide-doped liquid crystal mixtures They studied the spectroscopic properties of the lanthanide(III) / -diketonate complexes [L (dbm)3(phen)], where Ln = neodymium, erbium, ytterbium, and dbm is dibenzoylmethane, in the liquid crystal MBBA. By incorporation of an erbium(III)-doped nematic liquid crystal (ErCls dissolved in E7) in the pores of microporous silicon, narrowing of the erbium(III) emission band in the near-infrared was observedJ Luminescent optically active liquid crystals were obtained by doping [Eu(tta)3-3H20] into a mixture of cho-lesteryl nonanoate, cholesteryl tetradecanoate and the ternary liquid crystal mixture ZLI1083 from MerckJ ... 

Fig. 6. The emission spectra of trivalent neodymium and ytterbium (alone, or mixed) in germanate and tellurite glasses at room temperature. It is noted that the two emission bands of neodymium almost disappear, when energy is transferred to the luminescent ytterbium. The Figure is reproduced with permission of Chemical Physics Letters211...

Horrocks W, Bolender J, Smith W, Supkowski R. Photosensitized near infrared luminescence of ytterbium (III) in proteins and complexes occurs via an internal redox process. J Am Chem Soc 1997 119 5972-3. 

The commercially important samarium-containing minerals are treated with concentrated sulfuric acid or, in the case of monazite, with a solution of sodium hydroxide (73%) at approximately 40°C (104°E) and under pressure. The element is separated from the solutions via solvent extraction or ion exchange. Sm salts are weakly yellow and may exhibit ion emission. Sm ions show luminescence and are sometimes used to generate lasers. Samarium is used in the manufacture of headphones and tape drivers, see ALSO Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium Neodymium Praseodymium Promethium Terbium Ytterbium. 

---