Yield defect control

Using SU-8 patterned FTO substrates to create visible design patterns and small area electrodes worked exceptionally well, see Fig. 5.3 [63]. Additionally, limiting the deposition area with a SU-8 mask allowed an improved control over the tern-plated electrodeposition yielding defect-free deposits of homogeneous thickness, see Fig.5.12. 

Yield Improvement and Defect Control in Bridgman-Type Crystal Growth with the Aid of Thermal Modeling... 

Numerical modeling has proven to be an indispensable and widely acknowledged tool for yield improvement and defect control in industrial crystal production. Today, it is widely used in almost any field of development and optimization of... 

When constmction is complete, the pipeline must be tested for leaks and strength before being put into service industry code specifies the test procedures. Water is the test fluid of choice for natural gas pipelines, and hydrostatic testing is often carried out beyond the yield strength in order to reHeve secondary stresses added during constmction or to ensure that all defects are found. Industry code limits on the hoop stress control the test pressures, which are also limited by location classification based on population. Hoop stress is calculated from the formula, S = PD/2t, where S is the hoop stress in kPa (psig) P is the internal pressure in kPa (psig), and D and T are the outside pipe diameter and nominal wall thickness, respectively, in mm (in.). 

We still need much better medicines to cure cancer, heart disease, stroke, and Alzheimer s disease. We need better drugs to deal with obesity, diabetes, arthritis, and schizophrenia. The treatments of diabetes, arthritis, and mental defects such as schizophrenia or manic depression are not yet cures, just ways to keep the symptoms under control. Cures are needed. Insights from genetics may help guide us toward elegant and rational cures, but we will also make use of screens to identify natural products and libraries of randomly generated synthetic compounds (combinatorial chemistry). A semi-empirical approach may be the best hope over the next two decades to yield drugs to alleviate these diseases. 

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