Yield altitude

Hunter and Grant (1971) demonstrated that with some grass cultivars yield declined by approximately 2% for every 30.5 m increase in altitude, and that the development of flowering was delayed by 1.3 days per 30.5 m increase in altitude. 

Hunter and Grant (1971) showed that the magnitude of the altitude effect on yield varied with season. In spring, yields were decreased by some 5% for every 30.5 m rise in altitude and in autumn by 1.8%. In summer, yield trends were non-significant or reversed, highest yields sometimes occurring at the higher altitudes. This result was related to the development of moisture stress at lower altitudes. 

An air-borne method of exploration for ore deposits has been realized with the help of luminescence Lidar. Lidar embodies a high power UV laser and a coaxial telescope detection system installed aboard a helicopter. The laser yields pulses having a peak power of 0.4- 0.5 mj, a time delay of 1 ps, gate width of 1 ms, repetition rate of 30-50 Hz, and a wavelength varying from 275 up to 400 nm. The laser footprint is about 400-500 cm and the distance between the closest footprints about 1 m. The air-borne survey is carried out from an altitude of 50-75 m. Sensitivity is 0.2- 0.5% by exposed area for most minerals (Seigel and Robbins 1982 Seigel and Robbins 1985). 

Gierczak et al. (1998) have also measured the temperature dependence for the absorption cross sections in addition to the quantum yields as a function of pressure and temperature. They have used these data, combined with the kinetics of the OH-acetone reaction, which is the other major removal process, to calculate the contributions of the OH reactions and of photolysis to the loss of acetone in the atmosphere as a function of altitude. Figure 4.31 shows that photolysis is a significant, but not the major, contributor at the... 

Addnl Refs A) Dunkle s Syllabus (1957-1958), 391-404 B) G.W. Atkinson et al, "Nomographs for Determining the Relationships Between Pressure, Range, Altitude, and Yield in the Shock Front Resulting from a Nuclear Detonation , NavWeps... 

True French lavender grows in the Flaute Provence at an altitude of 600 1500 m. The plants are grown from seeds of the wild lavender ( population lavender). Lavender oil is produced in a yield of 10 25kg/ha. It has the following typical composition (%) m-ocimene (4 10), trans-odimene (1.5-6), 1,8-cineole (<1), camphor (<0.5), linalool (25-38), linalyl acetate (25-45), 1-terpinen-4-ol (2-6), and lavandulyl acetate (>2) [574-583a]. 

Cloned varieties of lavender (e.g., mailette) yield more oil per hectare and can be grown at lower altitudes however, they produce a poorer quality oil. 

The results of correlation studies reported in Refs. 2, 4, and 7 indicated that the fractionation behavior of most fission products was remarkably similar for coral surface bursts, bursts on the surface of deep and shallow seawater, and bursts at altitudes sufficiently great to avoid entrainment of soil or water in the fireball and cloud. Furthermore, the correlations showed no clear-cut dependence on the explosive yield of the device. This report extends the treatment to a near-surface event on silicate soil. 

For lower yield events, when all or most of the cloud remains below the tropopause, sampling has been more extensive, although still not necessarily representative. The Johnie Boy (0.5 kiloton) cloud, whose top was at about 4.3 km. (15,000 ft.), was sampled at several altitudes by airplanes flying through the cloud. The Koon (150 kilotons) cloud, with a top at about 17 km. (55,000 ft.), was sampled at the periphery only, but one sample was obtained from the region near the top of the... 

A second factor in the deposition process is the physical size of the radioaerosol particles deposited during dry deposition. Particle size affects the efficiency of foliar collection of dry aerosol particles and may also be important in determining the rate of solution of soluble constituents within the aerosol particle. Lockhart et al. (7) indicated that nuclear debris in surface level air is generally associated with aerosol particle sizes about 0.5-1.0p in diameter. Martell (8) stated that high yield detonations causing condensation of "Sr at stratospheric altitudes leads to the formation of particles with diameters less than 1 fi. Hence,... 

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