Yeasts taxonomy

The term flavour will be used in its broadest sense to incorporate aroma, taste, and mouth-feel. Yeast taxonomy is according to Kurtzman and Fell (1998), with the exception of the former species Saccharomyces uvarum, for which species status is still unresolved (Nguyen and Gaillardin 2005), and will therefore be recorded as Saccharomyces species bayanus/uvarum Yeast gene and enzyme notations are according to the Saccharomyces Genome Database (http //yeastgenome.org). 

Table 2 Taxonomy of azo dye-decolorizing yeast species and their anamorph/teleomorph correspondent names...

Jeffries, T. W., and Kurtzman, C. P., Strain selection, taxonomy, and genetics of close-fermenting yeasts. Enzyme Microbial Technology 1994, 16(11), 922-932. 

Boekhout T, Yamada Y, Weijman ACM, Roeymans HJ, Batenburg-van der Vegte WH The significance of Coenzyme Q, carbohydrate composition and septal ultrastructure for the taxonomy of ballistoconidia-forming yeasts and fungi. Syst Appl Microbiol 1992 15 1-10. 

Wickerham has discussed in detail the relationship of the phos-phonomannans produced by certain Hansenula and Pichia species to their taxonomy and phylogeny. If phosphonomannans should be detected in other fungi, this might indicate a relationship which would aid in the elucidation of the origin of the yeasts. 

In yeasts particularly, chemotaxonomy by means of application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was described by Gofin and Spencer(2), and the acetolysis fingerprinting technique by Kocourek and Ballou(3) can be also used to determine the taxonomy of yeasts. These methods are based on the differences in the chemical structure of their mannan components. Similarly, serological clasification of yeasts by the use of slide agglutinin test was reported by Tsuchiya, Fukazawa and Kawakita(4). 

Phaff, H.J. and Knapp, E.P. (1956) The taxonomy of yeasts found in exudates of certain trees and other natural breeding sites of some species of Drosophila. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 22, 117-130. 

Part III deals with unicellular eukaryotes (protists and yeast) two of the chapters provide general reviews using data from morphological taxonomy... 

Holzschu, D.L., Phaff, H.l. (1982). Taxonomy and evolution of some ascomycetous cactophilic yeasts. In Barker, I.S.F., Starmer, W.T. (eds.). Ecological Genetics and Evolution the Cactus-Yeast-Drosophila Model System, pp. 127-141. Sydney Academic Press... 

The Expanding Realm of Yeast-like Fungi Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Perspectives of Taxonomy, Ecology and Phylogeny of Yeasts and Yeast-like Fungi, pp. 403-414. Amsterdam Elsevier Science. 

Five chapters are devoted to brewer s yeast and they consider, in appropriate detail, their taxonomy and related areas such as identification and characterization. Wort fermentation and metabolism are discussed and, in particular, the metabolic engineering of these organisms. The fact that brewer s yeast cultures are normally recycled through a number of wort fermentations is emphasized and details of yeast management between fermentations are discussed. 

Various keys to the yeasts have been developed over the years (Lodder and Kreger-van Rij, 1952 Lodder, 1970 Barnett et al., 1983). Although generally useful in separating yeasts, much of the taxonomy found in the early editions may not be consistent with current views. 

---