Yeast cells functions

TBP mutants lacking the N-terminal region are fully functional in promoter binding and stimulation of basal transcription and therefore these two functions must be provided by the C-terminal domain. Furthermore, the C-terminal domain of yeast TBP contains all the functions essential for normal yeast cell growth and for responses to specific transcriptional activators with a net negative charge. This C-terminal domain contains two homologous... 

Another specialized cell line that has been utilized for functional drug screening are yeast cells. A major... 

Mitogen activated protein kinase (MARK) cascades are three kinase modules activated by phosphorylation. The three kinase modules are composed of a MAPK, a MAPKK, and a MAPKKK. There are multiple members of each component of the MAPK cascade that are conserved from yeast to human. Activation of selective MAPK modules by specific stimuli regulates cell functions such as gene expression, adhesion, migration, differ entiation, and apoptosis. 

Russell, R, and Nurse, P. (1986). cdc25+ functions as an inducer in the mitotic control of fission yeast. Cell 45 145-153. 

Figure 12.2 Copper chaperone function, (a) Copper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae is affected by the proteins encoded by the cop operon. CopA, Cu1+-import ATPase CopB, Cu1+-export ATPase CopY, Cu1+-responsive repressor copZ, chaperone for Cu1+ delivery to CopY. (b) The CTR family of proteins transports copper into yeast cells. Atxlp delivers copper to the CPx-type ATPases located in the post Golgi apparatus for the maturation of Fet3p. (c) Coxl7p delivers copper to the mitochondrial intermembrane space for incorporation into cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). (d) hCTR, a human homologue of CTR, mediates copper-ion uptake into human cells. CCS delivers copper to cytoplasmic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Abbreviations IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane PM, plasma membrane PGV, post Golgi vessel. Reprinted from Harrison et al., 2000. Copyright (2000), with permission from Elsevier Science.

The M-hexane metabolite 2,5-hexanedione was strongly positive in an in vitro test for induction of chromosome loss in S. cerevisiae (Mayer and Goin 1994). It was suggested that this effect was due to an effect of 2,5-hexanedione on microtubule function in the yeast cells, resulting in faulty segregation of chromosomes. 

By far, the most widely used application of the yeast two-hybrid system as intimated in Introduction is the identification of protein partners for a test protein of either known or unknown function. Here, the DNA encoding the test protein or the domain of a test protein is cloned in frame into the bait vector. The fish vector contains cDNA and it is constructed so that there is one cDNA molecule per vector. Fish and bait vectors are cotransformed into the appropriate strain of competent yeast, and the resultant transformed yeast cells are screened for growth on SD media and for reporter gene activities. Putative positive clones are then isolated and characterized further. In the next section, each of these stages is discussed in detail. 

If the cell cycle in amphibian embryonic cells appears to be driven by a limit cycle oscillator, the question arises as to the precise dynamical nature of more complex cell cycles in yeast and somatic cells. Novak et al. [144] constructed a detailed bifurcation diagram for the yeast cell cycle, piecing together the diagrams obtained as a function of increasing cell mass for the transitions between the successive phases of the cell cycle. In these studies, cell mass plays the role of control parameter a critical mass has to be reached for cell division to occur, provided that it coincides with a surge in cdkl activity which triggers the G2/M transition. 

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