XRD studies

The phase composition and crystallite size was calculated with the help of diffraction peaks by using Debye-Scherrer equation d = k /(JCos 0 by using a line broading method. Where d is the crystallite size, k a constant of 0.9, X the x-ray wavelength of Cu which is 1.5406 A, 0 the Bragg angle in degree and p the full width half maxima (FWHM). The XRD pattern shows broad 

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The overall reaction pathway is probably similar to what has been presented for the reaction of SnBu4 with Pt particles, that is first hydrogenolysis of the As-C bond to form Nis[AsPh2] , species, which rapidly evolves into Nis[AsPh]jy, Nis[As]jy to give finally an alloy by migration of the As adatoms into the Ni lattice as evidenced by the formation of Nickeline (NiAs) according to XRD studies (Scheme 36). 

Inorganic fillers in plastics compositions are usually in a very finely divided form and, as such, are ideal for powder XRD study. A sample size of a few mg gives a good pattern in 1 or 2 h. Crystalline mineral fillers can usually be observed directly in the complete polymeric formulation, in concentrations exceeding about 1 %. Combined XRD/XRF studies are favoured [326]. A mineral filler is easy to identify in a compound in the absence of other fillers. 

Mesomorphic dendrimers containing electroactive units have potential for construction of dendrimer based molecular switches. Deschenaux et al. reported [154] the synthesis and liquid-crystalline properties of a novel dendrimer containing six mesomorphic ferrocene units. Apart from exhibiting a broad enantiotropic smectic A phase as determined by polarized optical microscopy, DSC, and XRD studies, thermogravimetry revealed the excellent thermal stability of the macromolecule. 

A comparative study on the structural properties of Tb incorporated ZnO nanoparticles have been performed. The structural properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray Fine structure and XPS studies. XRD studies performed on these samples reveals that the ZnO lattice systematically... 

In this study, nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiCh) have been successfully synthesized by. reduction method. These nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). XRD revealed the presence of pure TiCL NPs. XRD studies suggested that the titanium dioxide, TiCL exists in anatase form. The nanostructured character of the produced titania powders was characterised by Scherer method and TEM examinations. The TEM images indicate that the crystalline size of titanium dioxide precipitates varies from 1.81 nm to 13.15 nm This shows that nanoparticles obtained from reduction method are in more nanorange as compared to those obtained for precipitation method. 

To determine the phase properties of the calcined bimetallic nanoparticles, a detailed x-ray diffraction (XRD) study was carried out. The XRD data of AuPt/C showed that the diffraction patterns for the carbon-supported nanoparticles show a series of broad Bragg peaks, a picture typical for materials of limited structural coherence. Nevertheless, the peaks are defined well enough to allow a definitive phase identification and structural characterization. The diffraction patterns of Au/C and Pt/C could be unambiguously indexed into an fcc-type cubic lattice occurring with bulk gold and platinum. We estimated the corresponding lattice parameters by carefully determining... 

O. Friedrichs, L. Kolodziejczyk, J.C. S4nchez-L6pez, C. Lopez-Cartes, A. Fernandez, Synthesis of nanocrystaUine MgH powder by gas-phase condensation and in situ hydrida-tion TEM, XPS and XRD study, J. Alloys Compd. 434-435 (2007) 721-724. 

M. Schwarz, A. Haiduc, H. Still, P. Paulus, H. Geerlings, The use of complex metal hydrides as hydrogen storage materials Synthesis and XRD-studies of CaiAlH ) and MgiAlH ) , J. Alloys Compd. 404 06 (2005) 762-765. 

The transformation of famotidine from form B to form A was found to be controlled by pressure, temperature, and the interaction between those factors [252]. A subsequent study focused on identifying appropriate milling conditions to avoid conversion [253]. A study of milled Ti and C powders to form TiC found that Raman spectroscopy provided insights not available from XRD studies alone [254]. The successful complexation, or process-induced transformation, of nimodipine (NMD) and hydroxylpropyl-jS-cyclodextrin... 

The FT-IR spectra of the resulting Gd(III)-exchanged NaY zeolites did not show any loss of crystallinity or dealumination during the gadolinium exchange. A detailed XRD study also confirmed the retained crystallinity nevertheless, there are significant changes in the relative intensities of certain refiections. 

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