Xanthobacter strain

NMR spectra have been reported for the Rieske-type ferredoxins from Xanthobacter strain Py2 (88) and of toluene 4-monooxygenase from Pseudomonas mendocina (T4MOC) (88a) as well as for the water-soluble Rieske fragment from the bci complex of Paracoccus deni-trificans (ISFpd) (89). The spectra of these proteins are similar, which is consistent with the close structural relationship between the three proteins. In the reduced (paramagnetic) state, all three proteins show several hyperfine-shifted resonances between +83 and -16 ppm at 400 MHz or between 110 and +25 ppm at 300 MHz (Table X). 

Allen JR, SA Ensign (1997) Purification to homogeneity and reconstitution of the individual components of the epoxide carboxylase multiprotein enzyme complex from Xanthobacter strain Py2. J Biol Chem 272 32121-32128. 

Zhou N-Y, A Jenkins, CKN Chan, KW Chion, DJ Leak (1999) The alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter strain Py2 is closely related to aromatic monooxygenases and catalyzes aromatic monooxygenation of benzene, toluene, and phenol. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 1589-1595. 

Allen JR, SA Ensign (1996) Carboxylation of epoxides to 3-keto acids in cell extracts of Xanthobacter strain Py2. J Bacterial 178 1469-1472. 

Clark DD, JR Allen, SA Ensign (2000) Characterization of five catalytic activities associated with the NADPH 2-ketopropyl-coenzyme M [2-(2-ketopropylthio)ethanesulfonate] oxidoreductase/carboxylase of the Xanthobacter strain Py2 epoxide carboxylase system. Biochemistry 39 1294-1304. 

Ensign SA (1996) Aliphatic and chlorinated alkenes and epoxides as inducers of alkene monooxygenase and epoxidase activities in Xanthobacter strain Py2. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 61-66. 

Hartmans S, JP Smits, MJ van der Werf, F Volkering, JAM de Bont (1989) Metabolism of styrene oxide and 2-phenylethanol in the styrene-degrading Xanthobacter strain 124X. Appl Environ Microbiol 55 2850-2855. 

Krum JG, SA Ensign (2001) Evidence that a linear megaplasmid encodes enzymes of aliphatic alkene and epoxide metabolism and coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) biosynthesis in Xanthobacter strain Py2. J Bacterial 183 2172-2177. 

Sluis MK, El Small, JR Allen, SA Ensign (1996) Involvement of an ATP-dependent carboxylase in a COj-dependent pathway of acetone metabolism by Xanthobacter strain Py2. J Bacteriol 178 4020-4026. 

Small FJ, JK Tilley, SA Ensign (1995) Characterization of a new pathway for epichlorohydrin degradation by whole cells of Xanthobacter strain Py2. Appl Environ Microbiol 61 1507-1513. 

Small FJ, SA Ensign (1995) Carbon dioxide fixation in the metabolism of propylene and propylene oxide by Xanthobacter strain Py2. J Bacteriol 177 6170-6175. 

Swaving J, JAM de Bont, A Westphal, A de Kok (1996) A novel type of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidore-ductase is essential for NAD - and NADPH-dependent degradation of epoxyalkanes by Xanthobacter strain Py2. J Bacteriol 178 6644-6646. 

Coenzyme M was shown to function as the central cofactor of aliphatic epoxide carboxylation in Xanthobacter strain Py2, an aerobe from the Bacteria domain (AUen et al. 1999). The organism metabolizes short-chain aliphatic alkenes via oxidation to epoxyalkanes, followed by carboxylation to p-ketoacids. An enzyme in the pathway catalyzes the addition of coenzyme M to epoxypropane to form 2-(2-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate. This intermediate is oxidized to 2-(2-ketopropylthio)ethanesulfonate, followed by a NADPH-dependent cleavage and carboxylation of the P-ketothioether to form acetoacetate and coenzyme M. This is the only known function for coenzyme M outside the methanoarchaea. 

Ensign, S. A., Hyman, M. R. Arp, D. J. (1992). Cometabolic degradation of chlorinated alkenes by alkene monooxygenase in a propylene-grown Xanthobacter strain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 3038-46. 

Allen, J.R. and S.A. Ensign. 1997. Characterization of three protein components required for functional reconstitution of the epoxide carboxylase multienzyme complex from Xanthobacter strain Py2. ]. Bacteriol. 179 3110-3115. 

Small FJ, Ensign SA. 1997. Alkene monooxygenase om Xanthobacter strain Py2 purification and characterization of a four-component system central to the bacterial metabolism of aliphatic aUcenes. J Biol Chem 272 24913-24920. 

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