X-Ray Diffraction and Reflectivity

A7.9 X-ray diffraction and reflectivity characterisation of GaN-based materials general remarks... 

At first glance, the diffraction of x-rays by crystals and the reflection of visible light by mirrors appear very similar, since in both phenomena the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. It seems that we might regard the planes of atoms as little mirrors which reflect the x-rays. Diffraction and reflection, however, differ fundamentally in at least three aspects ... 

Spectroscopic studies of liquid interfaces provide important information about the composition and structure of the interfacial region. Early work was mainly carried out at the solid liquid interface and involved techniques such as neutron and X-ray diffraction, and reflection FTIR spectroscopy. More recently, powerful techniques have been developed to study the liquid liquid and liquid gas interfaces. These studies are especially important because of their relevance to biological systems such as cell membranes. The techniques described here are second-harmonic generation (SHG) and vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). They are both second-order non-linear optical techniques which are specific to the interfacial region. Since the second-order effects involve signals of low intensity, they rely on high-power lasers. 

The use of the word reflection has been, and is still, a source of confusion between X-ray diffraction and reflection as described the Snell-Descartes laws. 

The growth of silicalite-1 films on gold supports was monitored via scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and reflection/absorption infi ared spectroscopy in the work by Engstroem et al. [875]. The development of peaks at 1229,... 

Chamard V, Setzu S, Romestain R (2002) Light assisted formation of porous silieon investigated by X-ray diffraction and reflectivity. Appl Surf Sci 191 319... 

Neutron reflectivity with isotopic substitution has been used [58] to determine the structure of triethylene glycol monododecyl ether adsorbed at the air/water interface. Besides, X-ray diffraction and reflection studies [59] have provided stmctural details on an angstrom level about molecular packing at the interface. Optical techniques such as Fourier transform-infrared [60], Brewster angle microscopy [61], fluorescence microscopy [62], SFG [63, 64, 65] and SHG [66, 67, 68] have provided... 

Ganglioside-Phospholipid Monolayers An X-Ray Diffraction and Reflectivity Study. 

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