Wyoming samples

Fig. 1. Hydroxyl absorption bands for several smectites pillared with aluminum chlorhydroxide (ACH) soluctions A) Wyoming ACH-bentonite B) Texas ACH-bentonite C) Fe-bentonite D) ACH- Fe bentonite) E) (ACH, Fe)-bentonite and F) ACH-nontronite. Samples a) have been dried at 200 C and then loaded with pyridine and degassed at b) 200 C, c) 300 C, d) 400 C and e) 500 C in vacuo for 2 hours at each temperature.

Another method of probing sulfuric acid aerosols is to heat the sample intake sufficiently to vaporize sulfuric acid-water aerosols but not other particles such as those containing ash minerals the difference between the measured particles with and without intake heating provides a measure of the contribution of sulfuric acid-water. Using this technique, Deshler et al. (1992), for example, have shown that more than 90% of the stratospheric particles above Laramie, Wyoming, after the Mount Pinatubo eruption were composed of sulfuric acid-water mixtures. 

By combining denaturing gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and LA-ICP-MS an analytical technique was developed for the speciation of selenoproteins in Se contaminated wildlife (waterfowl embryo and fish ovary collected from Se contaminated sites in Wyoming and the San Joaquin Valleys, CA, respectively).72 Polatajko et al. reported on the state of the art of selenium speciation in biological samples.73... 

Cation Exchange Capacity. Various techniques have been used to measure the cation exchange capacity of the clay samples. Unless otherwise noted, in computation of equilibrium quotients, we shall use a value of 0.78 equivalents/kg clay, determined by a column method (14) on the calcium form of Wyoming montmoril-lonite at pH 5. 

Figure 10a. Adsorption of Ca(II) on the sodium form of Wyoming montmorillonite (Loading trace —1.4 X 10 mol Ca(ll)/kg, pH 5, equilibration for 18 hr.) Clay samples from Jacksons purification procedure ( ), NaCl + O.OIM NaOAc M, NaCl + O.IM NaOAc. Clay sarnies from Dowex column ( ), NaCl + O.IM NaOAc.

Samples Preparation. The coal liquids were derived from the catalytic liquefaction of Pittsburgh Seam bituminous and Wyoming sub-bituminous coals. The analysis of these coals is given in Table I. The coals were liquefied in a bench-scale catalytic unit using cyclone overhead product as recycle solvent to insure that the liquid products were derived from the coal and not the solvent. The product streams from... 

Little Cottonwood Creek Utah, USA 74 samples Lluta River Chile Madison River Wyoming and Montana, USA Medjerda River ... 

USA Montana Milltown 4 community wells USA Montana—Wyoming Madison River valley USA Montana—Wyoming Madison River valley 13 samples... 

USA Utah—Wyoming Hams Fork subbituminous-bituminous 29 samples 0.70-21 U.S. Geological Survey Coal Quality Database (2006)... 

Phosphorite Belkinsk Altai Sayan, Siberia, former USSR Phosphorite Bone Valley Formation, Florida, USA Phosphorite Brazil 3 samples Phosphorite Duwi Formation Egypt 18 samples Phosphorite Karatau, Kazakhstan Phosphorite Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morrocco Phosphorite Phosphoria Formation Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah, USA 60 samples Phosphorite southeast Jordan 3 beds... 

Uncertainty in the depth history of a sample is a primary source of uncertainty for the cosmogenic-nuclide paleoaltimeter. Because of the >2000-fold difference in rock density versus atmospheric density, a 0.5-m uncertainty in depth is equivalent to >l-km uncertainty in altitude. Uncertainty in the depth of a sample during exposure is particularly problematic in regions where loess deposits may episodically bury a surface. For example, Hancock et al. (1999) find cosmogenic evidence of an ephemeral 0.5-1.5 m silt cap on currently uncapped, 600-ka terraces in the Wind River basin, Wyoming. The duration of time required to deposit a sedimentary layer may also result in a complex exposure history that can only be deduced with depth profiles and multiple nuclides (Riihimaki et al. 2006). However, Dunai et al. (2005) suggest that some deposits in the hyperarid Atacama Desert, Chile, have remained at the same depth without erosion or deposition for >20 Ma. 

Cation exchange data (in mequiv./g) for samples of bentonite from the Northern Black Hills district, Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota (After Kncchtel and Patterson, 1962)... 

Funding for this project was provided by the SF Phosphates, Ltd., Rock Springs, Wyoming. We thank Darin Howe and Bill Lew of SF Phosphates for their assistance and help in the project. We also thank Amber Jackson, Maqi Patz, Rachel Shorma, Junran Li, Mary Knight, Kari Fink, and Mary Fortier for their help in plant and soil sampling and laboratory analyses. 

Materials. Twelve subbltumlnous coals from four major coal-bearing regions of Wyoming were studied In this program. Chemical and physical analyses of these coals are presented In Table I. The coal samples were ball-milled to minus 100 mesh under nitrogen and stored In a refrigerator before use. 

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