Wound Mammals

M.p. 190-192 C. The enolic form of 3-oxo-L-gulofuranolactone. It can be prepared by synthesis from glucose, or extracted from plant sources such as rose hips, blackcurrants or citrus fruits. Easily oxidized. It is essential for the formation of collagen and intercellular material, bone and teeth, and for the healing of wounds. It is used in the treatment of scurvy. Man is one of the few mammals unable to manufacture ascorbic acid in his liver. Used as a photographic developing agent in alkaline solution. 

Many well-known S5mibiotic relationships are difficult to categorize into one of the three types, either because distinctions are not clear-cut or because experimental data are hard to obtain. For instance, the question of whether the relationship between humans and some types of their gut flora is commensal or mutual still is unanswered because of the complexity of the multispecies association. The African oxpecker bird is an example where categories are not discrete. The bird picks flies, ticks, and other parasites from the body of a mammal and, in this respect, is a mutualist. However, because blood is its favored food, it keeps wounds open on the body of its host (16). Thus, a mutual symbiont can be a parasite in a separate interaction. 

Rhabdoviruses Rabies virus Bullet-shaped particles, 75-180 nm, enveloped, helical capsids The virus has a very wide host range, infecting all mammals so far tested dogs, cats and cattle are particularly susceptible. The incubation period of rabies is extremely varied, ranging from 6 days up to 1 year. The virus remains localized at the wound site of entry for a while before passing along nerve fibres to central nervous system, where it invariably produces a fatal encephalitis... 

Collagen, being a major protein of connective tissues in animals, is widely distributed in skin, bones, teeth, tendons, eyes, and most other tissues in the body and accounts for about one-third of the total protein content in mammals. It also plays an important role in the formation of tissues and organs and is involved in various cells in terms of their functional expression. Collagen as a biomaterial has been used for repair and reconstruction of tissues and as an agent for wound dressing. 

The presence of phenoloxidase in all phyla of living organisms demonstrates that their origin is very early in the history of life. It is involved in the biosynthesis of melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Depending on the species, phenoloxidases are involved in the primary immune response, wound healing, sclerotization, and coloring processes. In mammals, L-tyrosine is the initial substrate in the pathway leading to the final products of black-brown eumelanins, red-yellow pheomelanins, or a mixture of pheo-and eumelanins.Ti ... 

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