Work group, atmosphere

U.S. —Canada Memorandum of Intent on Transbounday Air Pollution, Atmospheric Sciences and Analysis Work Group 2 Phase III Final Report,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1983. 

Models to Allow for the Effects of Coastal Sites, Plume Rise, and Buildings on Dispersion of Radionuclides and Guidance on the Value of Deposition Velocity and Washout Coefficients, Fifth Report of a Working Group on Atmospheric Dispersion, National Radiological Protection Board, NRPB-R157, 1983. 

Prentice I.C. (2001). The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide. In Climate Change 2001 Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, a report of Working Group II of IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 183-237. 

Jickells, T.D. and Spokes, L.J. (1999) Atmospheric iron inputs to the oceans. In Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater (eds Turner, D. and Hunter, K.). Joint SCOR-IUPAC Working Group Report. 

Hunt, J.C.R. (1996) Atmospheric diffusion from a steady source in a turbulent airflow at low mean wind speeds, Note to UK Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Working Group (National Radiological Protection Board), Report R292,19-22. 

To reduce the analytical work, some researchers have suggested to use only a limited number of marker compounds as representative of the entire range of VOCs which may be present in any atmosphere. Wallace et al. (1991) used the average of 17 target VOCs. The EU-ECA working group recommended not to use TVOC summations based on the identification and quantification of a selected and limited group of marker compounds. 

The study area is situated near Rouyn-Noranda, about 600 km to the north-west of Montreal, Canada (48°14 N, 79°01 W). Three sites were sampled at a downwind distance of 0.5, 2 and 8 km from the Horne copper smelter. At each site, soil samples were collected under three trembling aspen Populus tremuloides Michx) of similar age (< 30 years old). The soils developed in postglacial lake sediments of silt texture to form Luvisols, according to the Canadian System of Soil Classification (Soil Classification Working Group, 1998). The extent of soil contamination received through the atmospheric deposition of metals represents the main difference between the three sites as other characteristics were kept constant (e.g. climate, parent material, slope, aspect, etc.). For a more detailed description of the sites, see Seguin et al. (2004). 

Laboratory data on the kinetics, reaction mechanisms and pathways of elementary reactions occurring in the atmosphere form the basis for models describing and predicting photo-oxidant formation. Experience in the incorporation of the chemical information into the models by the Chemical Mechanism Working Group (CMWG) has shown that critical evaluation of currently used chemistry is required. In this respect, a successful exercise was the evaluation and improvement carried out by LACTOZ of the chemistry contained within the EMEP MSC-W model of photo-oxidants. 

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion. 

In the last 10 years, several new ionization methods for AP mass spectrometers were developed. Some of these are only available in some working groups. Therefore, only four commercially available ion sources are presented in detail here. The most common atmospheric pressure ionization (API) is ESI, followed by APCI and atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI). A significantly lower significance shows the atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI). However, this ion source is well suited for the analysis of aromatic compounds, and, for example, the gold standard for polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) analysis. This ranking reflects more or less the chemical properties of the analytes, which are determined with API MS ... 

Noble gases are released to the atmosphere, however they are not considered to be biological material. If one considers the radionuclides released from reprocessing plants, H, Sr, Sr, I, I, Cs, Cs, and actinides are of potential interest. Fruit Working Group (FWG) in the UK suggests that C1 and " Ca should be added to a group of monitored nuclides in the future because both nuclides are very mobile (Ould-dada et al. 2001). 

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