Wool scouring

In wool scouring, the contaminants on the wool, mainly grease, dirt, suint, and protein material, are washed off the fiber and remain in the wastewaters either in emulsions or suspension (grease, dirt, protein) or in solution (suint). Centrifugal extraction of the wastewaters produces a grease contaminated with detergent and suint. This product is called wool grease. 

B. O. Bateup, Wool Scouring and Worsted Carding Mew Approaches, CSIRO Division of Wool Technology Symposium, Geelong, Australia, Nov. 1986. 

In wool-scouring systems for textile processing that contain nonionic surfactants, sodium chloride acts as a tme builder, ie, detergency promoter. 

WoU-veredelung, /. wool processing, -wachs, n. wool wax. -wdsche, /. wool scouring, womit, adv. wherewith, womogllch, adv. if possible, wonach, adv. whereupon, after which, after what. 

Jones, RW. and Westmoreland, D.J. (1998). Degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates during the composting of sludges from wool scour effluents. Environmental Science and Technology 32, 2623-2627. 

Sun, C. and Baird, M. (1998). The determination of alkyl phenol ethoxylates in wool-scouring effluent. Journal of the Textile Institute 89, 677-685. 

Advantages claimed for this process [148] include improved whiteness, decrease in ash content, improved grease recovery and quality, optimisation of water consumption, efficient dirt removal from effluent and a reduction in treatment costs. An excellent review of wool scouring (and of wool processing generally) up to 1984 is available [146]. 

Wool-producing countries, 26 371 Wool scouring wastes... 

Another approach consists of an in-situ acetylation and extraction of NPEOs and further analysis of the acetyl derivatives. The method has been applied to analyse effluent water and sewage sludges [102,103], sediments [104] and river waters [105]. Silylated derivatives [106] using BSA or BSTFA have also been used to determine NPEO (n < 6) in seawater [107] and wastewater [107,108], sediments [109] and sludges from wool scour effluents [110]. Halogenated derivatives of alkylphenols (AP) can also be formed as a result of chlorination practices in water treatment or wastewater if bromide is present. Brominated OPs and NPs (BrAPEOs) have been identified by GC-MS in sewage [111] and tap water [89], respectively. 

It was generally assumed that the endocrine disruptor nonylphenol (NP) is the most persistent metabolite of NPEO. However, experimental data on the formation of the metabolite NP from NPEO are surprisingly scarce, and mostly under anaerobic conditions NP has been reported to be formed [126,127]. Only one article reports a slight increase in NP concentration from the aerobic degradation of NPEO during the composting of wool scour effluent sludge [128]. 

Continuous Washing on a Pilot Scale Wool Scouring Line... 

This cotton was carded at 13.6 kg/hr and processed into 1A.8 mg/m yarn of 37.2 twist factor at 10000 rpm spindle speed. Ends down per thousand spindle hours was AO as compared to 56 for the same cotton washed on the rayon line. Yarn appearance characteristics were also slightly better for the wool scoured cotton. 

Ammonium carbonate is used in wool-scouring, silk washing, dyeing, and in... 

Concn of waste oils from metal working/textile scouring concn of lanolin/dirt from wool scouring... 

One example is the raw wool scouring process. The 7 mole ethoxylate of C secondary alcohol has excellent grease removal efficiency when used in raw wool scouring operations, as seen in Figure 28. Because of the unusually soft hand resulting, it is now used widely in Australia. 

Uses Cresol is a mixture of three isomeric forms, namely, ortho-, meta-, and paracresol. Cresol is a colorless, yellowish, brownish yellow, or pinkish liquid with a phenolic odor. It is used as an ore flotation agent and as an intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals, dyes, plastics, and antioxidants. It also is used in the manufacture of dyes, paint removers, plastics, stains, resins, chemical disinfectants, flotations, foundries, wool scours, and insulation enamels. 

Multifunctional solvent scour widely used in hosiery. Highly effective in low temperature wool scouring to prevent shrinkage and felting. 

Wool scouring and fulling agent effective at low temperature. 

Low temperature wool scouring and fulling agent. Post-scouring agent for dyed or printed goods. 

While the formed-in-place or dynamic hydrous zirconium oxide membranes on porous stainless steel supports have been studied mostly for biotechnology applications, they have also demonstrated promises for processing the effluents of the textile industry [Neytzell-de-Wilde et al, 1989]. One such application is the treatment of wool scouring effluent. With a TMP of 47 bars and a crossflow velocity of 2 m/s at 60-70°C, the permeate quality was considered acceptable for re-use in the scouring operation. The resulting permeate flux was 30-40 L/hr-m. Another potential application is the removal of dyes. At 45 C, the dynamic membranes achieved a color removal rate of 95% or better and an average permeate flux of 33 L/hr-m under a TMP of 50 bars and a crossflow velocity of 1.5 m/s. 

Raw wool scouring Liquid at operating temperature Very gentle High Organic surfactant... 

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