Wolf urine marking

Urine marking by canids has received much attention. Wolves, Canis lupus, mark by raised-leg urination (RLU), squat urination (SQIJ), defecation, and scratching. In Minnesota s Superior National Forest, wolf packs maintain... 

FIGURE 6.8 Schematic sketch of distribution of raised-leg-urination marks in a 20 km wide territory of a wolf pack. Dots are urine marks, lines are trails. Higher marking density along the periphery creates a bowl-shaped pattern. Six neighboring pack territories are indicated by dots in different colors. (From Peters and Mech, 1975.)... 

Wolf Canis lupus Urine marks RLU Peters and Mech, 1975... 

Harrington, F. H. (1981). Urine marking and caching behavior in the wolf. Behavior 61, 82-105. 

Volatile constituents associated with female urine and/or vaginal discharge often increase male and female sexual activity (271-279). Urinary marking of the environment is also an important feature of rodent and primate behavior (270, 280, 281). The compounds found in the urine of males and females generally vary with the breeding season or with the physiological status of the females this has been observed in the ram (274), red fox (282), the goat (283, 284), and the wolf (285). 

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