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Without halting of the flow between samples

Under this heading are Included the so-called FIA titrations or scale [Pg.219]

This type of titration can be implemented (Fig. 7.17) by intercalating into a single-channel FIA system a gradient chamber (partial mixing chamber) or simply a reaction tube (high-speed FIA titrations) [29]. [Pg.220]

These reasons led Pardue and Fields to consider that this type of titration is actually another variable-time kinetic method insofar as it is based on the measurement of a time increment, At, between two preselected reference points located at the same height from the baseline in the rising and falling portions of an FIA peak yielded by a physico-chemical process which has attained neither physical equilibrium —there is some mass flow between the sample plug and the regent solution— nor chemical equilibrium —the reaction is still incomplete. [Pg.221]

Although the argument of Pardue and Fields is quite valid if one considers that no equivalence point or physico-chemical equilibrium is attained in FIA titrations, the proposal of Ruzicka et al. is supported by a number of facts  [Pg.221]

Stewart and Rosenfeld [32] looked at the subject from a different angle. They concluded that the use of volumes as large as those employed In this FIA mode permit the linear ranges of the calibration graphs to be significantly widened. As a result, they proposed the denomination scale-expansion techniques as an alternative to FIA titrations . [Pg.221]


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