With supported

A site survey will be carried out, from which a number of parameters can be established, e.g. carrying capacity of the soil at the planned location, possible access routes, surface restrictions like built-up areas, lakes, nature reserves, the general topography, possible water supplies. The survey will allow the adequate preparation of the future location. For instance, onshore in a swamp area the soil needs to be covered with support mats. 

Integral pipe attachments are welded directly to the pipe and are usually of special design. They are used in high temperature services, with moderate or severe loads, and in conjunction with supports, braces, and restraints where rigidity with the pipe shell is desired. Integral attachments may be grouped into five types ears, lugs, shoes, cylindrical tmnnions, and skirts (see Fig. 8). 

This article was written at Sandia National Laboratories with support provided by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. 

In addition to developiag satisfactory catalysts, the designer also may have to develop a catalyst support or work with a support manufacturer to achieve this. In iadustry, catalyst manufacturers either form symbiotic relationships with support manufacturers or become experts ia support design and manufacture themselves. There have been a number of iadustrial acquisitions and joiat ventures formed to exploit just such a relationship. 

These enable temperature control with built-in exchangers between the beds or with pumparound exchangers. Converters for ammonia, 80.3, cumene, and other processes may employ as many as five or six beds in series. The Sohio process for vapor-phase oxidation of propylene to acrylic acid uses hvo beds of bismuth molybdate at 20 to 30 atm (294 to 441 psi) and 290 to 400°C (554 to 752°F). Oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide also is done in two stages with supported... 

Vinyl acetate is made from ethylene, oxygen, and acetic acid in the vapor phase at 150 to 175°C (302 to 347°F) with supported Pd catalyst in packed tubes, 25 mm (0.082 ft) ID. 

Another process where good temperature control is essential is the synthesis of vinyl chloride by chlorination of ethylene at 200 to 300°C (392 to 572°F), 2 to 10 atm (29.4 to 147 psi), with supported cupric chloride, but a process with multitubular fixed beds is a strong competitor. 

NB Overall evaluation upgraded from 2A to 1 with supporting evidence from other data relevant to the evaluation of carcinogenicity and its mechanisms)... 

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