With significant figures

Substituting known volumes (with significant figures appropriate for pipets and volumetric flasks) into equation 2.4... 

Crunching numbers in scientific and exponential notation Telling the difference between accuracy and precision Doing math with significant figures... 

There are three rules for calculating with significant figures. 

Skills Toolkit 4 Scientific Notation with Significant Figures... 

For more practice with significant figures, go to Supplemental Practice Problems in Appendix A. 

Figure 10 also shows the hardcopy printouts of the duphcate titration data obtained. Note that this includes - the endpoint volume EPl, the initial pH, the endpoint pH, the result Rl, the calculation formula FI with significant figure (3) and units (%) stipulations, the sample weight (COO) and the formula constants (COl and C02). The hard copy also shows the curve of the titration from the 8.00 mL added titrant volume through to just after the endpoint, which is marked with a "1". The hardcopy could also supply the complete record of volume versus pH points if requested. 

Similarly, the variation of kp with solvent in methacrylate polymerization can be explained on the assumption that the complexed radical is either inactive or less reactive. Since methyl methacrylate has no aromatic ring in itself, it seems to be possible to estimate the stability constants for the complex formation of the poly (methyl methacrylate) radical end with aromatic solvents. However, since the variation of kp in methyl methacrylate polymerization with solvent is too small, the determination of Ks with significant figures is impossible. Accordingly, it is difficult to estimate the unpurturbed kpo value for methyl methacrylate and thus difficult to estimate the stability constant of the complex in aromatic solvents. 

It is important to note, in operating with significant figures, that defined or counted numbers do not determine the number of significant figures. 

Calculating with Significant Figures Air contains oxygen (O2). nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and trace amounts of other gases. Use the known pressures in Table 1 to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen. 

Before discussing how to deal with significant figures one should discuss what precision and accuracy in relation to chemical experiments and engineering. Precision refers to the reproducibility of results and measurements in an experiment, while accuracy refers to how close the value is to the actual or true value. Results can be both precise and accurate, neither precise nor accurate, precise and not accurate, or vice versa. The validity of the results increases as they are more accurate and precise. 

Solve the problem. Use the known information and suitable equations or relationships to solve for the unknown. Dimensional analysis oao(Section 1.6) is a usefiil tool for solving a great number of problems. Be careful with significant figures, signs, and units. 

The location of the decimal point has nothing to do with significant figures. 

A note on good practice We refer to exactly 1 kg of solvent to avoid problems with significant figures. 

A As added pracfice in working with significant figures, review the calculations in Section 1-6. You will note that they conform to the significant figure rules presented here. 

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