Wipe sampling method

ASTM. 1998f. ASTME 1728. Standard practice for field collection of settled dust samples using wipe sampling methods for lead determination by atomic spectrometry techniques. American Society for Testing and Materials. 

McArthur, B. (1992). Dermal measurement and wipe sampling methods a review, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 1, 599-606. 

EPA believes the results from the wipe sampling method are less useful because as discussed in Unit lll.E.S.iv. of this preamble, the agency believes that wipe sampling on carpets is not a reliable indicator of the lead-based paint dust in the carpet. The authors report that in their study non-HEPA vacuums were more effective than HEPA vacuums on upholstery but note The reduced efficiency of the HEPA vacuum cleaner in cleaning... 

Other than wipe sampling of elean areas, the Site J eontraetor did not implement proeedures to evaluate the eflfeetiveness of personal deeontamination methods. Deeontaminated equipment was tested by wipe sampling. Further deeontamination was performed as neeessary until wipe samples fell below the eontraetor s trigger levels. 

NIOSH. 1994. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th edition. Methods 7082 (Lead by Flame AAS), 7105 (Lead by HGAAS), 7505 (Lead Sulfide), 8003 (Lead in blood and urine), 9100 (Lead in Surface Wipe Samples), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 

B2 Sampling methods 3.5 Soil sampling designs 3.6 Water sampling 3.7 Surface sampling with wipes... 

Equipment and area should be verified as clean using wipe sampling techniques (when compound specific analytical methods are available)... 

Agrawal, A., Cronin, J., Tonazzi, J. et al. (2006) Validation of a standardized portable fluorescence method for determining trace beryllium in workplace air and wipe samples. J Environ Mon, 8 (6), 619-624. 

The choice of dust sampling method depends on the purpose of the study. A number of publications compare various wipe and vacuum methods for Pb sampling (e.g., U.S. EPA, 1995 Sutton etal., 1995 Laxen et ah, 1988). Wipe methods have the advantage of being simple and inexpensive compared to vacuum techniques. However, vacuum methods have some distinct advantages over common wipe methods vacuum... 

Furthermore, the analytical methods to assess the rinse and wipe samples have to be validated. Also, the recovery of the test substance during sampling has to be established. 

A special case was concerned with measurement of uranium aerosols generated when DU munitions penetrate armored vehicles (Parkhurst 2003). In this study, DU penetrators were fired at a tank and another armored vehicle and the aerosols were collected by different means (filter cassettes, cascade impactors, five-stage cyclone, and a moving filter). Wipe samples were also collected from surfaces and deposition trays. Analysis included particle size distribution, morphology, uranium oxide phases, and dissolution in vitro. The uranium mass was determined by different methods radioanalytical beta spectrometry for some filters and ICPMS, ICP-AES, and KPA for other samples. 

For other air contaminants and wipe samples, so-called wet methods of chemical analysis may be employed. Full details can be found in pnblications snch as the US NIOSH Manual of Sampling Methods, publications from the UK Health and Safety Executive, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Applied Industrial Hygiene, AIHA Journal, and analytical chemistry journals. 

More recently, solid phase microextraction (SPME) [22] has been applied to the analysis of bug pheromones, using two techniques. In the first, headspace volatiles are trapped on the SPME fiber, analogous to trapping on SuperQ [e.g., 23]. Alternatively, if the source of the pheromone is known, the SPME fiber can be wiped on the cuticle to directly adsorb the compounds [24]. In either case, the fiber is then thermally desorbed directly into a GC or GC-MS. Whereas this method is excellent for analysis, with good recoveries, it does not provide a sample that can be used for bioassays or for isolation of an active compound. 

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