Wide characterization

Nickel(lll) deprotonated peptide complexes can be easily obtained in solution by chemical or electrochemical oxidation of the corresponding nickel(U) complexes. They are moderately stable in aqueous solutions and have been widely characterized by EPR, electron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.3047,3058,3087,3088 Some selected examples of nickel(III) peptide complexes are reported in Table 115. 

Genome-wide characterization of the lignification toolbox in Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol. 133 1051-1071. 

Raes, J., Rohde, A., Christensen, J. EL, Van de Peer, Y., and Boeijan, W., 2003, Genome-wide characterization of the lignification toolbox in Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol. 133 1051-1071. 

The silicides of the actinides have not been widely characterized. A uranium sihcide of the form U3Si2 has received the maximum amount of study owing to its nse as a dispersion fuel in research reactors. Another common phase observed for actinide silicides is AnSi2. One of the common synthetic routes to the silicides is the reaction of actinide fluorides, for example, Anp4, with elemental Si at high temperatures. One of the thermodynamic driving forces for this reaction is the release of Sip4. 

This study focuses on a systematic analysis of the chemical activation of kaolin with HCl solutions under different conditions of time and temperature, with a complete discussion of the phenomena governing this process and a wide characterization of the solids obtained. Such a systematic study lacks in the literature and the interest in looking for new applications of natural clays justifies it. By this reason, we have carried out the acid activation of the metakaolins obtained by calcination of a kaolin between 600-900°C and a complete study of the solids prepared, where the porous properties of the prepared materials receive special attention, due to the high importance that these properties have over the industrial applications of the final solids. 

Zhao H, Kim Y, Wang P et aL Genome-wide characterization of gene expression variations and DNA copy number changes in prostate cancer cell lines. Prostate 2005 63(2) 187-197. 

The tetraheme cytochromes c3 (Mr 15,000) are the most widely characterized of the cytochrome c3 family. Since a review article has recently been published on these cytochromes [47], we will concentrate on the analysis of the most recent literature, and in particular of the cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough on which more detailed studies have been carried out. 

One-dimensional chains may be formed by inorganic materials either as stacks of individual molecules or as covalently bonded polymers. Emphasis is given to the former approach as these complexes are presently better characterized. It may also be possible to generate systems with one-dimensional properties through plastic deformation of normally three-dimensional materials (135,444). This class of materials is not yet widely characterized and is not discussed further. 

PVK is the oldest known and most widely characterized polymeric photoconductor. Classically it is used in combination with TNF in photocopiers. New materials have been proposed, because the PVK/TNF system has a comparatively low photosensitivity. TNF has a high toxicity and the films of PVK have a poor mechanical strength. 

Three of the most widely characterized are the alpha-, beta- and ga/wwa-cyclodextrins and have been shown to contain 6 (cyclohexamylose), 7 (cycloheptamylose) and 8 (cyclooctamylose) glucose units, respectively. 

Capsule Permeability The most widely characterized polyelec-trol3 es in the formation of hollow capsules have been alternating layers of polystyrenesulphonate (PSS, negative) and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH, positive), and therefore the following permeability discussion will be based on that system. (PAH/PSS) will refer to a film of n bilayers. 

The acid/base properties of LDHs and the derived oxides are also widely characterized with the adsorption of probe molecules. LDHs behave as weak bases. For example, Mgi cAl c-, Nii cAl c-, Coi cAl t-, and Cui t-... 

Silk is an interesting biomateiial that has been used since ancient times. It is a protein polymer (consisting of various amino acids) that is spun into fibers by insects like the silkworm, spider, scorpion, mites, and flies. Depending on the source and the arrangement of amino acids, there are a variety of silks, each having specific properties. Some evolutionary advanced species of insects are capable of spinning as many as nine or more varieties of silk for different purposes such as cocoon construction, lines for prey capture, safety lines or draglines, web construction, and adhesion [29]. The most widely characterized silks include those from the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) and from spiders (Nephila clav-ipes and Araneus diadematus). 

In summary, the stability of the propagating radical in free-radical polymerization, as well as other relevant radical intermediates, is profoundly affected by the nature of its primary substituents and, to a lesser extent, the nature of its more remote substituents. These effects, which have been widely characterized both experimentally and theoretically for small model radicals, can be readily understood in terms of the relevant orbital interactions and the impact of steric effects and other direa interaaions (such as hydrogen bonding). In subsequent sections, we shall examine how these effects on stability translate into effects on reactivity but in order to do this, we need to first charaaerize some of the other key properties of propagating radicals and the other reagents involved. 

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