Whole grain hardness

The RDA for adult males is 16 mg/day and for adult females 14 mg/day. As usual, children require less and pregnant or lactating women a bit more. Niacin is not hard to come by in your diet good sources include eiuiched and whole-grain bread and bread products, fortified cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. 

The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for an adult male is 420 mg of magnesium per day, and 320 mg for an adult female (Clinical Nutrition Service, NIH). Magnesium deficiency is rare if a well-balanced diet is consumed that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts. Potable water can also contribute significant amounts of Mg to the diet especially in hard-water areas however, softened water is depleted in magnesium. 

Cereals and cereal products with high maximum SIPA (mg 100 g FW) were hard wheat whole grain flour (72.2), oat whole grain flour (9.5-15.1), hard wheat refined flour (14.1), common wheat refined flour (0.1-9.8), oat refined flour (7.5-9.2),... 

Hard wheat, whole grain flour 171-199 Feralic acid, 5-heneicosylresorcinol... 

M. Manley. Whole wheat grain hardness measurement by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. In Near-Infrared Spectroscopy The Future Waves Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Near-Irfrared Spectroscopy, A. M. C. Davies, Phil Wifliams, co-eds. NIR Pubhcations, Chichester, UK, 1996, p. 466-A70. 

Another problem encountered in hardness measurement of microcrystalline materials by a microscopic method is the very high scatter of results (measurements made on grains and on intergrain bonds), with a common low evaluation of the hardness of a material as a whole. A. Szy-... 

When the whole of the hardness has been changed into insoluble calcium and magnesium compounds, further addition of soap will create a lather and be available to function as a detergent. There is a wastage of 1-7 lb of soap per 1000 gallons of water for each grain per gallon of hardness. 

In silages made from the whole cereal crop, yields of dry matter and nutrients, especially starch, increase as the crop matures, but at late maturity the material must be processed at harvest to ensure efficient digestion of the hard grains by cattle. 

On Titan, sand-like grains heap up in dunes like a subzero Sahara (no one knows what they are). Some kind of lava flows darken the landscape (no one knows what they are, either). Hard to see, but perhaps most amazing, are the lakes and rivers of liquid methane pooling and flowing over the surface. The pictures could have been taken from your last lakeshore vacation—if you had an orange filter on the whole time and only took pictures of rocks. 

Since no benchmark method exists for the measurement of the cracks in grains, comparison was made between the total of estimated soft- and hard-fissured grains (in %, relative to the total number of kernels), and a visual inspection with counting of fissured kernels. Since such a visual inspection is tedious, the number of grains was limited to 10-20 whole handpicked grains from samples of different drying histories. To account for this limitation, both estimates were combined with an approximate domain of confidence derived from the calculation of the impact of one-grain error. In other words, the bars displayed in Fig. 2.12 represent the error on the estimate if one... 

NIR is a mature technique for the rapid quality testing of whole wheat, ground wheat, and fiour. Wheat protein, moisture, and hardness can be measured on ground grain... 

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