Whitewares

White pine White rust White s agar White Shoulders White smoke Whitewares Whitewash White water Whitfield s Ointment... 

MiscelDneous. Other important properties are resistance to thermal shock, attack by slag, and, in the case of refractories (qv), thermal expansion. For whiteware, translucency, acceptance of glazes, etc, may be extremely important. These properties depend on the clay mineral composition, the method of manufacture and impurity content. 

R. A. Eppler and D. R. Eppler, Color in Eead andEead-free Glacis, presented at the M. E. Whitewares EaU Meeting, American Ceramic Society, Asheville, N.C., Sept. 26,1991 Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. to be pubhshed 1992. 

Fine earthenware (whiteware) table and kitchen articles... 

In 1925 493 university graduates were already employed in the ceramic industry. By then the American Ceramic Society had been founded and it consisted of 7 departments art, enamel, glass, fireproof materials, whiteware, terra cotta and heavy clay. Unfortunately World War II caused a decrease in the number of students of ceramics. In order to postpone the conscription of ceramic engineers an attempt was made to have ceramic studies and ceramic engineering pronounced essential for the war, to no avail however. The fact that there was no good definition of ceramics was partly to blame for this failure. 

Obata S, Yokoyama H, Oishi T, Usui M, Sakurada O, Hashiba M. (2004) Preparation of aqueous pigment slurry for decorating whiteware by inkjet printing. /Mater Set 39 2581-2584. 

Within the northern Valley of Guatemala whiteware tradition, there is a basic dichotomy between Sacojito-Chinautla whiteware and Durazno whiteware. Durazno potters exploit sources of whiteware clay different from the source used by Sacojito-Chinautla potters (55). Durazno whiteware pottery and raw materials therefore should be distinguishable from Chinau-tla-Sacojito whiteware. 

The sum of PT and PC must equal one. Because any recipe for mixing components, no matter how strictly followed, will show some variation, the PTs and PCs are chosen randomly with mean, xP, as the proportion of clay or temper specified by the recipe and standard deviation, and relative standardization (i.e., how strictly the recipe was followed). In this example, the mean clay proportion in fine-paste mixtures was set at 0.85, and the mean proportion in medium-paste mixtures was set at 0.65. Relative homogeneity was assumed, and the standard deviation was set at 0.05 in both cases. The components (Tt and C ) to be mixed in the randomly chosen proportions are chosen randomly from the analyzed data sets of clays and tempers. Unfortunately, only four samples of the clay used to make Durazno whiteware were analyzed, so the hypothetical fine-paste and medium-paste mixtures could exhibit some bias due to the small number of clays to choose from. 

ASTM C322-82 (1982), Standard practice for sampling ceramic whiteware clays, 12... 

ASTM C325-81 (Re-approved 1997) Standard test method for sieve analysis of ceramic whiteware clays, 235... 

The term porcelain is used here in its European sense. In the USA, it is defined as vitreous ceramic whiteware for technical purposes (ASTM). whereas similar materials for non-technical applications (table ware, sanitary ware, art ware) made by somewhat different processes arc called china (also refer to the note on p. 311). 

Gas or electrical]y fired roller hearth kilns are also used for whiteware and electronics. Conveyer-type kilns with moving belt are used for decorating operations. 

Feldspathic earthenware (hard earthenware) or calcareous whiteware (soft earthenware) are produced depending upon the flux used. 

Application Whiteware Structural clay Refractory Glass Abrasive Advanced Wear Membrane Electronic packaging... 

Earthenware refers to products produced from unbeneficiated clays with no other additives. Earthenware clays are formed by incomplete conversion of the parent mineral formation and they contain substantial amounts of residual feldspar and quartz, giving a composition similar to a triaxial whiteware [3], Earthenware bodies are typically formed by throwing or modeling [22], Earthenwares are self-fluxing during firing due to the alkali content. Fired earthenware bodies typically have high absorption (10-15%) and are fired at moderate temperatures (cone 5-6) [22], Fired earthenware bodies are usually red and find use as decorative objects, as tiles, or as tableware [26],... 

ASTM C373-88. (2006) Standard Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware Products, American Society for Testing Materials. 

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